设施滴灌条件下甜瓜茎流变化及其对环境因子的响应  

Response of Environmental Factors and Characteristics of Variation on Muskmelon Sap Flow with Mulched Drip Irrigation in the Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：宝哲[1] 吴文勇[1] 刘洪禄[1] 郝仲勇[1] 牛勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市水利科学研究所/北京市非常规水资源开发利用与节水工程技术研究中心,北京100048

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第28期140-147,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市重大科技攻关课题"国家现代农业科技城节水技术集成与示范工程"(Z111100056811035);北京市重大科技攻关计划课题(D0706007040191)

摘　　要：设施甜瓜栽培已成为中国一个具有较大增长空间的重要产业。采用合理的灌溉方式和决策来提高甜瓜产量与品质显得尤为重要。为探明设施滴灌条件下甜瓜植株茎流速率变化规律及其影响因素,有效诊断植株水分指标,为制定灌溉策略提供理论依据,采用基于茎热平衡法的Dymaxax包裹式茎流计、小型自动气象站和TRIME-IPH土壤剖面水分测量仪等对温室内覆膜滴灌条件下甜瓜植株茎流速率变化及其周围环境影响因子进行长时间连续定点监测。研究结果表明:温室内甜瓜的茎流速率日变化曲线基本呈双峰曲线,多云及阴天甜瓜白天液流启动推迟,峰值减小15%～47%;晴天条件下温室内太阳辐射(Rs)、空气相对温度(Rh)滞后于茎流速率,阴天及多云条件下,辐射与茎流速率基本同步达到峰值,相对湿度在晴天中午辐射较高区间内的小幅提高会对茎流速率产生一定的拉低效应;温室内太阳辐射是甜瓜茎流变化的主要驱动因素,并建立了以太阳辐射(Rs)和空气相对湿度(Rh)为主要因子反映甜瓜茎流速率(F)变化的多元线性回归模型(F=26.204+0.0890Rs-0.2540Rh,R2=0.831,P<0.001),可对甜瓜蒸腾变化进行预测。It＇ s so important that the yield and quality of muskmelon plants which are more and more cultivated in the greenhouse would be increased by reasonable irrigation mode and desicition. Based on ascertaining the variation and effect factors of sap flow rate, the index of muskmelon plant moisture capacity were determined by highly effective irrigation decision-making. Dynamax Sap Flow Measuring System, Automatic Weather Station System and TRIME-IPH were used to simultaneously measure and monitor the muskmelon sap flux density, environmental factors and soil water content. Based on the analysis of the diurnal variations of stem sap flow and environmental factors, the results showed that： Diurnal sap flux density had the double peak pattern, the started time of sap flow delayed 1-2 hours on cloudy and rainy days, and the peak value decrease 15%-47%. The muskmelon transpiration velocity was much higher in sunny days than in rainy or cloudy days, and there was day depression of transpiration markedly in midday, and the sap flow also existed at night. There was no depression of transpiration in rainy days, and the sap flow velocity was zero under the condition of highest air relative humidity at night. Solar radiation （Rs） and air relative humidity （Rh） lag behind the sap flux density, but in rainy or cloudy day solar radiation （Rs） and sap flux velocity achieve the peak simultaneously. Solar radiation （Rs） was the most important affecter to the sap flux density in the stage of fruit enlargement, the regression equation was established （F=26.204 ＋0.0890Rs-0.2540Rh, R2=0.831, P〈0.001） based on solar radiation （Rs） and air relative humidity （Rh）. The tinny increasing of air relative humidity （Rh） in sunny midday which the solar radiation （Rs） laid in the high level made sap flux density deerease.

关 键 词：温室 覆膜滴灌 甜瓜 茎流 环境因子 响应 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]