堆积体对不同比降河流壅水影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Water Block Caused by Congeries at the Bank of River with Different Stream Gradient

作　　者：郭志学[1] 苏扬中[1] 彭清娥[1] 钱撼[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2012年第5期13-18,共6页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50949057);国家"973"计划资助项目(2011CB409903)

摘　　要：河流中大型堆积体的存在,引起河道局部过流面积的减小,从而导致上游壅水,引起上游局部河段水位抬高,在堆积体附近则产生局部较大的附加比降,造成水位的急剧跌落。通过水槽试验研究了不同堆积体尺度条件下的河道壅水影响特性。探讨了不同主河道河道比降(水动力条件)下的最大壅水高度、附加比降的变化规律。结果表明:相对壅水高度随堆积体尺度增加而加大,与主河比降存在正相关关系,但进入急流以后,比降影响将削弱。对试验资料进行参数拟合,给出了不同水动力条件下的相对壅水高度与阻水率间的相互关系。分析了急、缓流条件下堆积体阻水特性在物理机制上的差异。After the ＂5·12＂ earthquake in Wenchuan,many congeries have occurred beside the bank of the river and cut down the flow area of the river section,leading to water block at upstream.The characteristic of water block caused by congeries with different sizes and shapes was researched through flume experiment.The experiment was carried out for different river bed slopes.It was found that the relative height of water block will increase with the increase of the congeries size and the river bed slope.But the influence effect will drop down when the flow become supercritical flow.An empirical formula was deduced through experimental data fitting to identify the different effect on water block height caused by congeries sizes and river slopes.The physical dynamic difference was analyzed to distinguish the influence on water level block effect in subcritical and supercritical flow condition.

关 键 词：堆积体 壅水 相对壅水高度 附加比降 阻水率 

分 类 号：TV131.61[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]