结核病实验诊断技术  

The laboratory diagnostics of tuberculosis

作　　者：范齐文[1] 吴文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属东方医院医学检验科,上海200120

出　　处：《微生物与感染》2012年第3期190-196,共7页Journal of Microbes and Infections

基　　金："十一五"国家科技重大专项(2009ZX10004-505)

摘　　要：结核病诊断一直是控制结核病疫情的关键,快速准确、敏感特异、简便低廉的诊断方法是目前迫切需要的。从结核分枝杆菌快速诊断噬菌体法、AMPLICOR?MTB试验、Gen-Probe分子生物学诊断方法到T-SPOT.TB和QuantiFeron-Gold Test免疫学检测方法,结核病实验诊断方法在不断改进和完善。近年来,世界卫生组织(WHO)或美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)认可的一些广泛应用的商业化诊断方法,如基于液体培养的BacT/Alert3D、MGIT960系统;基于分子线性探针杂交的INNO-LiPARif.TB、GenoType?MTBDRplus及GenoType?MTBDRsl技术;基于免疫色谱技术的CapiliaTB试剂盒等,都已被临床广为接受和应用。还有一些尚待推广的技术,如最新的Xpert?MTB/RIF系统,发光二极管(LED)显微镜等也有较好的发展前景。The diagnosis of tuberculosis （TB） has always been the key to control this pandemic. A fast, robust, specific, sensitive and affordable test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is needed urgently. The laboratory diagnostics of tuberculosis has been developed and improved, such as FASTPlaque- TB^Assay, Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test, AMPLICOR~ MTB, AccuProbe, T-SPOT. TB and QuantiFeron-Gold Test. Recently, a number of commercial diagnostic kits approved by World Health Organization （WHO） or U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA） have been used widely, such as BacT/Alert 3D and MGIT 960 systems which are based on liquid culture, the polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-based reverse hybridization line probe assay including INNO-LiPA Rif. TB, GenoType~ MTBDRplus and GenoType MTBDRsl systems, and simple and rapid immunochromatographic assay such as Capilia TB. They all have been used in clinic for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Even some newer technology, such as Xpert MTB/RIF system and light emitting diode （LED） microscopy also have been promised for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These methods are reviewed in the present article.

关 键 词：结核病 实验诊断 线性探针杂交 

分 类 号：R52[医药卫生—内科学]