优化施氮对旺长期和成熟期烤烟地上部氮素挥发的影响  

Effect of optimized application of nitrogen on nitrogen volatilization in Nicotiana tobacum shoots at rapid growth and maturity stages

作　　者：王军 陈能场[2] 丁效东[2] 陈泽鹏[3] 谢玉华 王行 傅献忠 王晓宾[3] 贺广生[3] 

机构地区：[1]广东省烟草南雄科学研究所,南雄512400 [2]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州510650 [3]中国烟草总公司广东省公司,广州510610

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第10期1268-1275,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目(2011B090300100);广东省烟草专卖局科技项目"改善梅州砂泥田烤烟香气品质的优化施肥技术研究";广东省烟草专卖局重点科技项目[粤烟科(2008)19号]资助

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,采用地上部氮挥发研究装置研究施氮量和基追比[对照处理:不施氮;传统施氮处理:施氮量为0.30 g(N).kg 1(土),基追肥比为7︰3;优化施氮处理:施氮量为0.15 g(N).kg 1(土),基追肥比为3︰7]对烤烟"粤烟97"在旺长期和成熟期地上部氮素挥发的影响。结果表明,与不施氮处理和传统施氮处理相比,优化施氮处理显著提高了成熟期烤烟地上部NO的挥发速率;但是3种施氮处理下成熟期烤烟对NO2表现为净吸收,且平均吸收速率差异不显著。3种施氮处理中,传统施氮处理无论是旺长期还是成熟期烤烟地上部平均N2O挥发损失量最高,其次是优化施氮处理,对照处理最小;传统施氮处理和优化施氮处理成熟期烤烟地上部平均N2O挥发损失量分别是旺长期的3.06倍和6.12倍。旺长期3种施氮处理之间烤烟地上部NH3挥发没有显著差异;但成熟期时,与传统施氮处理相比,优化施氮处理显著提高了烤烟地上部NH3挥发速率。减少施氮量和优化基追比例可减少旺长期和成熟期烤烟地上部N2O挥发,但增加成熟期NH3挥发。上述结果表明,优化施氮(氮肥后移)尽管促进烤烟中后期氮素吸收,但也促进了烤烟内源N2O形成、排放。因此,优化施氮(氮肥后移)对抑制烤烟氮素挥发的调控作用不明显。A pot experiment equipped with volatilization devices was used to study the effects of applied nitrogen（N） amounts and basal/top-dressing fertilizer ratios on N volatilization of ＂Yueyan 97＂ flue-cured tobacco shoot at rapid growth and maturity stages.The treatments used in the study included T1（zero N fertilization）,T2 [0.30 g（N）.kg 1（soil） and 7∶3 basal/top-dressing fertilizer ratio,conventional fertilization mode] and T3 [0.15 g（N）.kg 1（soil） and 3∶7 basal/top-dressing fertilizer,optimized fertilization mode].The results showed that compared with T1 and T2,T3 significantly improved flue-cured tobacco shoot NO volatilization at maturity stage.However,for NO2at maturity stage,it was net absorption for all the three treatments,there was not significant difference among three treatments at maturity stage.Among the three treatments,average shoot N2O volatilization of T2 at both rapid growth and maturity stages was largest.This was followed by T3 and then T1.Shoot N2O volatilization losses in T2 and T3 at maturity were 3.06 and 6.12 times of that at rapid growth stage,respectively.There was no significant difference in tobacco shoot NH 3 volatilization among three nitrogen treatments at rapid growth stage.While at maturity stage,T3,compared with T2,obviously increased shoot NH 3 volatilization.While reduced N application and optimized basal/top-dressing fertilizer ratio decreased aerial plant organ N 2 O volatilization at rapid growth and maturity stages,it increased NH 3 volatilization at maturity stage.The above results suggested that although optimized N application（by postponement） enhanced N absorption at middle and late growth periods of flue-cured tobacco,it facilitated endogenous N 2 O formation and volatilization.There was no definitive effect of optimized N application（by postponement） on flue-cured tobacco N volatilization inhibition.

关 键 词：烤烟 施氮量 基追比 优化施氮 地上部氮素挥发 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]