松嫩天然羊草草地放牧绒山羊牧食行为的研究  

Study on grazing behavior of cashmere goat grazed on a native Leymus chinensis grassland in Songnen plain

作　　者：孙泽威[1] 周道玮[2] 娄玉杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科技学院,长春130118 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012年第10期1-3,6,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970493)

摘　　要：为了观察松嫩天然羊草草地放牧绒山羊牧食行为的特点,试验选取6只2.5岁内蒙古白绒山羊(羯羊、母羊各3只)做好标记后置于松嫩天然羊草草地随群放牧,分别于春季(6月份)、夏季(8月份)观察放牧山羊的行为节律、牧食行为。结果表明:春、夏两季山羊用于采食时间最长,占总放牧时间的68.0%～77.0%,站立、游走与卧息反刍时间分别占总放牧时间的14.6%～20.3%和7.0%～11.7%;夏季山羊采食时间、采食速度均低于春季(P<0.05),而卧息、反刍和站立、游走时间则恰好相反(P<0.05);干物质日采食量(DMI)和每口采食量表现为夏季高于春季(P<0.05)。春季山羊主要采食苣荬菜、冷蒿、芦苇和马莲,夏季则主要以苣荬菜、虎尾草、水稗、碱蓬、黄蒿和苍耳为食。两个季节,放牧山羊均有3个进食高峰,分别发生在早晨出牧后约0.5 h、下午出牧后约0.5 h和归牧前2 h左右,上午采食量低于下午。未发现山羊扒食草根的现象,但在卧息、反刍前有扒草、扒土整理休息地的习性。性别对山羊的牧食行为无显著影响。To observe the grazing behavior of cashmere goat grazed on a native Leymus chinensis grassland in Songnen plain, 6 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats （3 wethers and 3 ewes） were marked and placed in native Leymus chinensis grassland to observe grazing behavior and rhythm in spring （June） and summer （August）. The results showed that the intake time of goat was longest, which accounted for from 68.0% to 77.0% of total grazing time, while the standing and walking time, lying and ruminant time accounted for from 14.6% to 20.3% and from 7.0% to 11.7% of total grazing time, respectively. Both the intake rate and time in summer were lower than that in spring（ P 〈 0.05 ）. On the contrary, the standing and walking time, lying and ruminant time were higher than that in spring（P 〈 0.05 ）. The daily DM intake and DM intake per bite increased significantly than that in spring. The goats prefer red to eat Sonchus brachyotus, Artemisiafrigida, Phragmites communis, and Iris lactea, var in spring, but Sonchus brachyotus, Chloris virgata, Echinochloa crusgalli, Suaeda corniculata , Artemisia scoparia and Xanthium sibiricum became the main components of diet in summer. There were three eating peaks per day in spring and summer, which appeared at 0.5 h after grazing in the morning, 0.5 h after grazing in the afternoon and 2 h before returning grazing, DMI in the afternoon was greater than that in the morning. In this study, the phenomenon, which the goats pulled up grass roots, was not observed. However, there existed the habits which the goats pushed grass and soil aside to clear up area for resting or ruminating. Gender had no significant effect on grazing behavior.

关 键 词：羊草 放牧 山羊 行为 

分 类 号：S812.3[农业科学—草业科学]