中东伊斯兰教派矛盾的新变化  

New Change of the Islamic Sectarian Disputes in the Middle East

作　　者：吴冰冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院阿拉伯语言文化系

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2012年第5期34-45,共12页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：伊斯兰教逊尼派和什叶派存在差异和矛盾,但这并不必然导致冲突。1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命爆发后,什叶派的教派意识得到强化。总体而言,教派矛盾是表象,中东战略格局演变是实质。冷战结束后,美国的霸权意图导致中东地区形成亲美和反美阵营对立的战略格局。反美阵营包括多个逊尼派政权,伊朗并非核心,因此两个阵营的对立并没有被赋予教派矛盾的色彩。2003年伊拉克战争之后,反美阵营多为什叶派力量、伊朗成为核心,突出教派矛盾有助于孤立伊朗、掩盖美国霸权意图、维护海湾阿拉伯国家,因此,从教派矛盾视角分析中东局势的话语体系和思维方式逐渐形成。2011年中东变局发生以来,埃及淡化教派矛盾与伊朗改善关系,沙特等国则强调教派矛盾对抗伊朗,这反映了中东战略格局演变的新趋势。The existing differences and disputes between the Sunnis and Shiites do not inevitably lead to inter- strengthened since Iran＇s Islamic rent sectarian disputes reflect the sectarian conflicts. The Shiite identity has been Revolution in 1979. Generally speaking, the cur- evolution of the strategic structure in the Middle East. After the Cold War, confrontation between pro - U. S. camp and anti - U. S. camp became the key feature of the strategic structure in the Middle East as a result of the U. S. intention to pursue hegemony in the region. The reality that many Sunni regimes were in the anti - U. S. camp without a leadership hold by Iran made sectarian approach meaningless to analyze the situation in the Middle East. However, the 2003 Iraq War created a rising Iran which began to play a leading role in the new anti - U. S. camp mainly consisting of Shiite countries and forces, and a strong sec- tarian approach including discourse and way of thinking began to be widely spread and has contributed to isolate Iran, conceal the U. S. intention to pursue hegemony, and protect the Gulf Arab countries. During the fundamental changes in the Middle East since 2011, Egypt is trying to avoid the sectarian discourse and restore relations with Iran, while countries like Saudi Arabia are fuelling the sectarian tensions to confront Iran. A new strategic structure in the Middle East is emerging based on these new trends.

关 键 词：伊斯兰教派 逊尼派 什叶派 中东 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]