河段水质压力目标管理模式的概念与方法  

A new approach of river water quality management through controlling targeted stress on water quality:Concept and method

作　　者：彭秋志[1,2] 康慕谊[1,2] 廖剑宇[1,2] 江源[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2012年第10期2625-2632,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07501002)~~

摘　　要：目前我国主流的流域水质目标管理模式中,在河段污染责任认定方面普遍存在难以界定上下游之间各自责任的问题,为此提出了一种基于河段水质压力概念的河流水质管理新模式.以水质压力为基础,配套建立了包括水质压力目标、水质压力纯水当量、水质压力偿罚金等在内的一系列相关概念及其设定与计量方法,完成对各河段的责任认定,并实现以河段处罚金与补偿金为调控手段的流域水质管理运行机制.结果表明,该管理模式有助于增强水质污染处罚与水质生态补偿的区域公平性和针对性,其中的概念和方法可作为现行河流水污染控制方法体系的一种改进性补充,同时能为流域生态补偿标准的确定提供一定借鉴.This manuscript presented a new approach to river water quality management, by amending the watershed management system for targeted water quality control in different river sections from upper-, mid-to lower-reaches in China. The approach established a compensation-penalty system by clarifying the pollution responsibility and quantifying the pollution scale contributed by different river reaches in each measuring section within a watershed. Through defining a few of interrelated concepts that are conducive to distinguishing the pollution loadings generated by different reaches in each measuring river section, the approach suggested a series of formulae for quantifying the penalty fines and compensation bonuses. Fines levied or bonuses granted is weighted through the over-stress on water quality exerted by the local pollutants from both natural background and human pollution activities. A detailed implementation procedure of this approach was also presented, which aimed to provide a basis for reducing or even resolving the conflicts between different river sections in determining their own pollution responsibilities. This new approach may provide a supplementary way in improving the current water quality management system within a watershed.

关 键 词：水质压力 河流水质管理 污染责任区分 污染处罚 生态补偿 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]