废弃手机锂离子电池机械破碎的基础研究  

Mechanical crushing properties of spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：张涛[1] 吴彩斌[2] 王成彦[3] 何亚群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221008 [2]华东交通大学土木建筑学院,江西南昌330013 [3]北京矿冶研究总院,北京100070

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第9期3355-3362,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50734005)

摘　　要：对废弃手机锂离子电池的结构特点进行分析,并研究其抗压、抗拉、抗弯、抗剪、抗冲击破碎力学性能。选择以水为介质的湿法冲击式破碎机对其进行破碎研究。研究结果表明：废弃手机锂离子电池各组分的结合方式易于破碎解离,属韧而软的塑性材料;弯力、剪切力、冲击力有利于实现锂离子电池的破碎;钴酸锂、碳素材料主要富集在粒度低于0.250 mm的破碎产物中,而塑料外壳、隔离膜、铜箔、铝箔等物质主要富集在粒度高于0.250 mm的破碎产物中;钴酸锂在粒度为0.075~0.125 mm的破碎产物中富集,其Co质量分数为36.58%;碳素材料在粒度为0.125~0.250 mm和低于0.075 mm这2种破碎产物中富集,其质量分数分别为73.39%和72.65%;湿法冲击破碎可以有效实现废弃手机锂离子电池的选择性破碎。The structure and mechanical crushing properties including compressive,tensile,bending,shearing strength and impact resistance of the spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries were analyzed.A wet impact crusher was used to achieve liberation of the spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries in a water medium.The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries are similar to those of the plastic material with tough and soft characteristics.The simple way of the combination of all the components or parts makes the dissociation easily realized.For the fragmentation of the batteries,bending,shearing and impact crush are proved to be more effective.The plastic shell,isolation sheet,copper foil and aluminum foil are enriched in the 0.250 mm crushing product,while the LiCoO2 and C are mainly enriched in the less than 0.250 mm crushing product.LiCoO2 is enriched in the 0.075-0.125 mm product,and the content of Co is 36.58%.In addition,the contents of C enriched in the 0.125-0.250 mm and less than 0.075 mm product are 73.39% and 72.65%,respectively.The wet impacting crush is an effective way for selectivity crushing of the spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：废弃手机锂离子电池 力学性能 湿法冲击破碎 选择性破碎 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]