关中地区古代陵墓的类型、地理分布及其影响因素分析  

The Type and Geographical Distribution of Ancient Mausoleums in Central Shaanxi Area and an Analysis of the Affecting Factors

作　　者：李世忠[1] 杜忠潮[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院关中古代陵寝文化研究中心,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2012年第4期50-59,共10页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：陕西省重点学科建设专项经费资助项目(060103);咸阳师范学院科研基金项目(09XSYK101)

摘　　要：关中地区古代墓葬数量众多,依据葬者的身份,可分为帝王陵与陪葬墓,历代将相名人墓葬等类型。关中古代帝王陵的营造形式有"封土为陵"和"因山为陵"两种,按建陵时间跨度分为华夏始祖陵寝、先秦王公陵、统一王朝帝陵和分裂割据政权王陵等类型,其地理分布具有片状、带状分布及点状散布等特点;陪葬墓主要依附帝王陵在特定区域呈现出"大分散、小集中";历代将相名人墓葬以散点状分布为主。影响关中古代陵墓选址及其空间分布的因素:一是都城区位,二是风水观念、追求皇权威严和博大气势;三是墓主人籍贯;四是历史事件发生地与名人生前活动地。对关中地区绚烂丰富的古代陵寝文化与帝陵遗产资源,应该进行深入挖掘整理和保护利用研究,以便发挥其"古为今用"之效。There is a multitude of ancient tombs in central Shaanxi area. In terms of the identity of the deceased, the tombs can be divided into the emperor＇ s tomb and the co-tomb with the people buried alive as well as tombs of the celebrities of different dynasties. The construction forms of the tombs for ancient emperors in central Shaanxi area are divided into the two types of ＂the making of a tomb through mound piling＂ and ＂the making of a tomb by the mountain＂. According to the chronological or- der, tombs can be divided into such types as the tombs of the Chinese ancestors, the nobles＇ tombs pri- or to the Qin dynasty, the tombs of the emperors who had reunited China, and the tombs of the emper- ors who had divided China. The geographical distribution had the characteristics of patchiness, strip line and dotted line. The co-tomb with the people buried alive were attached to the special zone of the emperor＇ s tomb took on the characteristics of ＂scattering in terms of general appearances and concen- trating in terms of specific appearances＂. The tombs of the celebrities of various dynasties featured dot- ted line layout. The factors affecting the choice and spatial distribution of ancient tombs in central Shaanxi area are： firstly the location of the capital; secondly the notion of geomancy, the pursuit of im- perial dignity and magnanimous mettle; thirdly, the ancestral home of the buried; fourthly, the place where historical events took place and where celebrities spent their lives. As for the gorgeous and rich ancient mausoleum culture and emperor＇ s tomb heritage resource, we should exercise in-depth explora- tion and protect the use and study so that the efficacy of ＂making the past serve the present＂ can be brought into full play.

关 键 词：关中 墓葬 地理分布 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]