城市规模与包容性就业  

On Urban Size and Inclusive Employment

作　　者：陆铭[1] 高虹[1] 佐藤宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [2]日本一桥大学经济系,东京186-8601

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2012年第10期47-66,206,共20页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71273055和71133004);国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD045);教育部哲学社会科学规划项目(10YJA790126)的资助;“复旦大学当代中国经济与社会工作室”和上海市重点学科建设项目(B101)的成果

摘　　要：城市发展的规模经济效应有利于提高劳动力个人的就业概率,而不像通常人们所认为的那样,外来移民会挤占原有居民的就业机会。使用工具变量,对个人层面的就业决定模型进行估计发现,城市规模每扩大1%,个人的就业概率平均提高0.039—0.041个百分点。此外,城市规模扩大的就业增加效应对于不同受教育水平的劳动者并不相同。总的来说,较高技能和较低技能组别的劳动力均从城市规模的扩大中得到了好处,其中较低技能组别劳动力的受益程度最高。城市规模的扩大并没有影响中等技能水平劳动力的就业概率。因此,采取城市人口规模的限制措施,并且特别针对低技能劳动力进行限制,将导致效率与公平兼失的局面,不利于实现包容性增长。The scale economies effects of urban development should be able to increase the employment probability of individual laborers,rather than that,as people usually believe,immigrants will reduce the employment opportunities of original residents.This study employs the instrumental variable to estimate the employment decision model,and finds that individual employment probability increases by an average of 0.039%-0.041% when urban size increases 1%.In addition,greater urban size also has different employment increase effects on laborers of different education levels.Generally speaking,both the laborers of higher skills and those of lower skills benefit from the increase of urban size,with the latter benefiting more though.The increase of urban size does not affect the employment probability of medium-skill labor force.Therefore,the restrictive measures on urban population,particularly those on lower-skill labor force,will incur both inefficiency and injustice,and will bring harm to the achievement of inclusive growth.

关 键 词：城市规模 人力资本 包容性就业 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]