自愿委身与十一世纪法国底层社会的依附关系  

Voluntary Vassalage and the Attachment of the French Grassroots Society in the 11^(th) Century

作　　者：李云飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系副教授,广州510632

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2012年第10期159-185,208,共27页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中古英国庄园制度与乡村社会研究”(项目号:08CSS002);暨南大学“暨南启明星计划”项目“中世纪早期的奴隶制、农奴制和欧洲封建主义的形成”的资助

摘　　要：在中世纪史学界,"封建革命"论以11世纪自愿委身现象的增加来论证农奴制的产生和当时西欧向封建社会的急剧转变,而批评者则强调委身者并非农奴,委身并未导致其处境恶化。在11世纪法国圣马丁修道院有关奴仆的文书中,自由人委身为奴往往与婚姻家庭、地产占有、宗教渴求等因素密切关联,而且委身契约灵活多样。不过,奴仆在婚姻家庭、财产权益等方面受到修道院的束缚。"封建革命"论及其反对者在解释圣马丁修道院的奴仆地位时各有优缺。此外,委身者与修道院结成的依附关系与上层社会的附庸制颇为相似,因此学界对于上层依附关系尊贵而下层依附关系屈辱的区分并不恰当。In the medieval historical community,the'feudal revolution'theorists used the increase of voluntary vassalage phenomena in the 11th century to argue for the emergence of serf system and the drastic transformation of Western Europe towards a feudal society,while their critics emphasized that vassals were not serfs,as vassalage had not led to the deterioration of their status.In the documents about servants and serfs of the 11th century preserved in Abbey of St.Martin,the vassalage of a free man was often closely related to his marriage and family,possession of real estate and religious appeal.Moreover,vassalage usually took a variety of forms.However,the vassals were constrained by the abbey in marriage,family and property rights.Both the'feudal revolution'theorists and their critics have their own strong points and weak points in interpreting the serfdom in Abbey of St.Martin.And the attachment of the vassals to the abbey is fairly similar to the vassal system established in the higher hierarchy of society.Thus the academic distinction of higher noble attachment and lower humiliated attachment would seem inappropriate.

关 键 词：欧洲中世纪 封建社会 修道院 法兰克王国 封君封臣制 

分 类 号：K565[历史地理—历史学]