基于认知过程的核电厂操纵员诊断任务分析  

Analysis of Operators' Diagnosis Tasks Based on Cognitive Process

作　　者：周勇[1,2] 张力[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学人因研究所,湖南衡阳421001 [2]中国民用航空飞行学院飞行技术学院,四川广汉618307 [3]湖南工学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《核动力工程》2012年第5期69-75,共7页Nuclear Power Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70873040,71071051);岭东核电有限公司科研项目(KR70543)

摘　　要：核电厂中操纵员的诊断任务是一种高度复杂的不确定性推理活动,诊断失误是导致执行类人因失误的重要原因。以心理模型、知觉/行动环等理论为基础,构建一种新的、侧重于分析操纵员内在认知思维过程的诊断任务模型,并将该模型运用于美国Crystal River核电厂的一次意外停堆事件的分析。实例分析表明,操纵员在诊断任务中存在的主要问题为强烈的证实倾向、难以产生完备的假设集合、群体思维定势、假设验证缺乏系统性等。Diagnosis tasks in nuclear power plants characterized as high-dynamic uncertainties are complex reasoning tasks. Diagnosis errors are the main causes for the error of commission. Firstly, based on mental model theory and perception/action cycle theory, a cognitive model for analyzing operators＇ diagnosis tasks is proposed. Then, the model is used to investigate a trip event which occurred at crystal river nuclear power plant. The application demonstrates typical cognitive bias and mistakes which operators may make when performing diagnosis tasks. They mainly include the strong confirmation tendency, difficulty to produce complete hypothesis sets, group mindset, non-systematic errors in hypothesis testing, and etc.

关 键 词：诊断任务 状态评估 人因失误 心理模型 人因可靠性 

分 类 号：X946[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]