37例流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例特征分析  

Case analysis of 37 cases with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

作　　者：陈勇[1] 马福宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2012年第20期5400-5401,共2页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查分析37例流脑病例的一般情况、流行病学史、疫苗接种史、临床表现与治疗情况,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考,为科学制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用随访的方式获取资料,按指标分别分析。结果江苏省流脑发病流动人口占81.08%,学生占43.24%。临床表现多起病急,伴随发热、皮肤瘀斑瘀点,超过半数病例有头痛、恶心、呕吐症状。青霉素类和头孢类抗生素治疗有效。35.14%的病例曾有过流脑疫苗接种史,各种临床症状的出现在无疫苗接种史病例与有疫苗接种史病例间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论江苏省流脑发病以流动人口为主,特别是同市的县区间流动,应加强县区间管理与协查。发病后应及时隔离救治,否则病情发展迅速,可致死亡,治疗推荐青霉素类和头孢类抗生素。接种疫苗后是否能减轻患者临床症状尚不明确。OBJECTIVE To investigate the general situation, epidemiology history, vaccination history, clinical manifestations and treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and basis for scientific prevention strategies. METHODS We acquired the data by folow-up, and the data were analyzed by index. RESULTS Floating people had the pro portion of 81.08% in Jiangsu province ECM, and the students accounted for 43.24%. Most cases had rapid onset, fever and skin ecchymosis, more than the half had a headache, nausea and vomiting symptoms. Penicillin and cephalosporin were effec tive. 35.14% of the cases had injected ECM vaccine. Clinical symptoms between injected people and no injected people had no statistic significance （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION Most of ECM cases in Jiangsu province are floating people, especially differ ent county in the same city, so management and investigation within city should be strengthened. Timely isolation and treatment should be taken once ECM occurred, otherwise the rapid progression may cause death. Penicillin and cephalosporin are recom mended for treatment. If vaccine injection could relieve the clinical symptoms is still unknown.

关 键 词：流行性脑脊髓膜炎 临床特征 治疗 免疫史 

分 类 号：R373.31[医药卫生—病原生物学]