垃圾填埋场渗滤液灌溉对土壤理化特征和草本花卉生长的影响  

Effect of landfill leachate irrigation on soil physiochemical properties and the growth of two herbaceous flowers

作　　者：王树芹[1] 赖娟[1] 赵秀兰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,北碚400715 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第19期6128-6137,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部春晖计划(Z2008-1-63007);西南大学生态学重点学科"211工程"建设项目

摘　　要：以草本花卉植物一串红和石竹为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同浓度垃圾渗滤液灌溉对土壤理化性质及生物学性质、植物生长、氮磷和重金属吸收的影响。渗滤液灌溉提高了土壤有机质、氮含量和电导率,其中,黄壤盐分积累速度大于紫色土,而对土壤磷和重金属含量的影响不明显,土壤脲酶活性随渗滤液浓度的提高呈先升高后降低趋势,紫色土和黄壤在渗滤液灌溉浓度分别为60%和40%时脲酶活性最强;随渗滤液浓度提高紫色土过氧化氢酶活性略为上升,黄壤过氧化氢酶活性降低。渗滤液灌溉使两种花卉根系生长受到抑制,但对植物地上部的生长发育存在低浓度促进高浓度抑制的双重作用。渗滤液灌溉可提高两种植物地上部的氮含量,对一串红磷含量影响不明显,使石竹磷含量降低,对Cu、Zn含量的影响因土壤和植物的不同而异,但高浓度渗滤液灌溉使两种植物Pb、Cr和Cd含量均提高。结果表明,适当浓度渗滤液灌溉具有改善土壤肥力,促进植物地上部生长发育的作用,渗滤液灌溉不会引起土壤和植物体内重金属过量积累,土壤氮过量积累导致的氮磷营养失调和盐分过度积累是高浓度渗滤液抑制植物生长的重要原因。从土壤性质变化和植物生长反应看,渗滤液灌溉浓度以20%—40%为佳。Landfill leachate contains high levels of Na＋,Cl-,NHx-N,organic matters（including organic contaminants and humic substances） as well as some plant nutrients and potentially toxic elements.Spray or trickle irrigation of untreated or partially treated leachate onto vegetated land can provide a possibility for closing the nutrient cycling loop and simultaneously produce effluent of a suitable quality for discharge,and thus has been considered as a potential remediation option.However,experimental studies available presently have come up with inconsistent results,which are caused by the differences of plant species,leachate components and concentrations,application method,soil properties and climate conditions.Therefore,a pot-based experiment was carried out to investigate the influences of landfill leachate irrigation on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of two dominant soils（a yellow soil and a purple soil）,and the growth and uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals by two herbaceous flowers（the Salvia splendens L.and the Dianthus chinensis L.） widely cultivated in southwest China.The concentrations of landfill leachate used were set as 0,20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%,respectively.The results showed that short-term irrigation with landfill leachate increased the contents of organic matter and nitrogen,electronic conductivity（EC） of the soils,with higher EC in yellow soil than in purple soil,but had no significant effect on the contents of soil phosphorus and heavy metals.The activity of soil urease was suppressed at higher concentrations of landfill leachate,but enhanced at lower concentrations,with the highest activity of urease being observed at the concentrations of 60% and 40% for the purple soil and the yellow soil,respectively.The increase in the concentration of landfill leachate caused a slight increase in the activity of catalase in the purple soil,but resulted in an obvious decrease in the yellow soil.Landfill leachate irrigation inhibited the root growth of two herbaceous

关 键 词：垃圾渗滤液 灌溉 草本花卉 土壤 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]