不同施氮措施对旱作玉米地土壤酶活性及CO_2排放量的影响  

Effects of different fertilizers on soil enzyme activities and CO_2 emission in dryland of maize

作　　者：张俊丽[1] 高明博[1] 温晓霞[1] 陈月星[1] 杨生婷[1] 李露[2] 廖允成[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100 [2]十堰市农业科学院,十堰442000

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第19期6147-6154,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071375;31171506);西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(PY200904);西北农林科技大学国际科技合作项目

摘　　要：对施用速效氮肥(尿素)和缓释氮肥的旱作夏玉米地土壤酶活性及CO2排放量进行分析。结果表明,与不施肥处理比较,不同氮肥种类和施用量均可显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性和CO2的排放量。在整个生育期,尿素与缓释氮肥处理土壤酶活性和土壤CO2排放量表现出相同变化趋势,尿素和缓释氮肥处理土壤CO2平均排放量分别为459.12 mg·m-·2h-1和427.11 mg·m-·2h-1,两者达到显著差异水平(P<0.5)。相关分析表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性与土壤CO2排放量呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.79、0.64和0.80。说明相同施氮量缓释氮肥较尿素能有效提高土壤酶活性并降低土壤碳排放量。CO2 emitted from the arid farming land is an important source of greenhouse gases,nitrogen application is an effective approach to increase production of farming land,soil quality degraded,however,CO2 emission will be increased by unreasonable fertilization.Therefore,it is an important problem need to be solved urgently now to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of farming land by reasonable fertilization without crop yield loss. An experiment was conducted in the crop planting station of Northwest AF University in Yangling Shaanxi,P.R China to explore the effects of different types and dosages of nitrogen fertilizers on soil enzymatic activities and soil CO2 emission in the arid farming land of summer maize and to elucidate the relationship of soil CO2 emission and activities of urease,invertase,and catalase,which will provide evidence for carbon emission reduction in the arid farmland management mode of summer maize. Nine treatment levels were set,including four levels each of available nitrogen（urea） and low-release nitrogen,specifically,80 kg/hm2 urea（N1）,160 kg/hm2 urea（N2）,240 kg/hm2 urea（N3）,320 kg/hm2 urea（N4）,80 kg/hm2 slow-release fertilizer（SR1）,160 kg/hm2 slow-release fertilizer（SR2）,240 kg/hm2 slow-release fertilizer（SR3）,320 kg/hm2 slow-release fertilizer（SR4）,and no-fertilizer treatment served as control（CK）.The results showed that CO2 emission and activities of urease,invertase and catalase in the fertilizer treatments were higher than those in no-fertilizer treatment（P0.5）.The averages of urease activity in urea and slow-release nitrogen treatments improved by 66.75% and 67.50% respectively compared with no-fertilizer treatment;The averages of invertase activity in urea and slow-release nitrogen treatments were 45.55% and 62.75% respectively higher than those in no-fertilizer treatment;The averages of catalase activity in urea and slow-release nitrogen improved 45.00% and 46.75% than those in no-fertilizer treatment;The averages of soil CO2 emission in

关 键 词：旱作农田 夏玉米 氮肥 酶活性 CO2排放量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]