不同后作生境对玉米地天敌的冬季保育作用  

Chill conservation of natural enemies in maize field with different post-crop habitats

作　　者：田耀加[1,2] 梁广文[1] 曾玲[1] 曹流[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学昆虫生态室,广州510642 [2]广州市农业科学研究院,广州510308

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第19期6187-6194,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2008BADA5B01;2008BADA5B04)

摘　　要：不同的作物生境可为田间自然天敌提供不同的栖息场所及猎物或寄主,从而影响天敌自身种群的维持及繁衍。在秋收后的玉米地布局不同的作物生境(玉米秸秆生境、叶菜类生境、甘薯生境及杂草带生境),采用目测法和扫网法调查研究其天敌群落组成及时序动态,通过聚类分析探讨了不同作物生境对玉米地自然天敌冬季保育作用的差异性。结果表明,玉米秸秆生境天敌数量最大,共收集天敌555头,约为叶菜类(甘蓝、菜心、油麦菜)生境的2倍,为杂草带和甘薯生境的4.5倍;天敌种类以蜘蛛类群为主,其中甘蓝、甘薯和杂草带生境蜘蛛个体数量占天敌总量的80%以上,而玉米秸秆生境天敌优势种为稻红瓢虫,其种群发生量达30头/100株以上。天敌物种数、多样性指数大小为玉米秸秆生境>叶菜类生境≥杂草带生境>甘薯生境,天敌群落优势度集中性指数与之相反。系统聚类可将6种不同作物生境聚为3类,玉米秸秆生境为一类,叶菜类生境为一类,杂草带和甘薯生境为一类。研究发现,玉米秸秆生境对玉米地天敌的冬季保育作用最佳。Different plant habitats provide different shelters and prey or host for natural enemies,thereby influencing the maintenance and propagation of the population of enemies.Therefore,which kind of crops to plant in the field is vital to the conservation of natural enemies.Presently,there have been lots of studies concerning the effect of crop diversity on community structure and population dynamics of arthropods,but the chill conservation effect of post-crop habitats on the natural enemies has rarely been reported.Sweet corn,a neonatal variety,has been planted on a large scale in south China.To make full use of biological control on the insect pests of sweet corn,it′s necessary to study the conservation effect of natural enemies in different post-crop habitats. In this paper,investigation was conducted to study the community structure and the time dynamics of natural enemy in maize field with different plant habitats（corn-stalk,leafy vegetable,sweet potato or weed） after autumn corn harvest by means of netting method and visual observation.The different chill conversation effects on natural enemies among different habitats were also discussed with cluster analysis.Results showed that the corn-stalk was listed as the habitat with the largest number of natural enemies,i.e.as many as 555,which was about twice of the leafy vegetable habitats（Brassica oleracea,Brassica campestris or Lactuca sativa）,and 4.5 times of weed habitat or sweet potato habitat.Spiders,which took up eighty percent of the total natural enemies in B.oleracea,sweet potato or weed habitat,were the main group of natural enemies.Nevertheless,the dominant species of natural enemies in corn stalks habitat was Micraspis discolor（Fabricius）,with more than 30 individuals per hundred plants.The magnitude of number of natural enemy species or diversity index was as ＂corn stalks habitatleafy vegetables habitats≥ weed habitat sweet potato habitat＂,while dominant concentration index of natural enemy community was to the contrary. Results also

关 键 词：玉米地 后作生境 天敌 群落结构 冬季保育 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]