抗草甘膦转基因大豆对根际土壤氨氧化古菌群落多样性的影响  

Effects of roundup ready transgenic soybean on ammonia-oxidizing archaeal diversity in rhizospheric soil

作　　者：刘志华[1] 徐广惠[1] 王宏燕[1] 刘佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第10期2479-2485,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：转基因生物新品种重大培育项目(2009ZX08011-025B);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(04-0402:ZJN)资助

摘　　要：抗草甘膦转基因大豆是孟山都公司首次进行商业化生产的转基因作物。近年来其风险评价,包括土壤生物多样性风险评价受到越来越多的重视。氨氧化古菌是硝化过程的关键微生物,在氮素循环中起重要作用。本文以抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)、非转基因亲本(RRS-S)、野生大豆(W-S)和栽培大豆(D-46)为材料,采用PCR-DGGE方法研究了根际土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)群落多样性的变化,为转基因大豆的生态安全性评价提供理论依据。通过多样性指数与均匀度指数分析,RRS对根际土壤AOA群落多样性没有显著性影响;主成分分析结果表明,RRS与其他品种大豆(W-S和D-46)根际土壤AOA群落结构差异较大,但与亲本(RRS-S)差异不显著;amoA基因测序与系统发育树的构建表明,不同基因型大豆根际土壤中的AOA一部分属于文献中记录的土壤AOA类群(soil/sediment),一部分在现有文献中没有记录(soil),但被测序检测的AOA均不属于水生环境(water)或海洋底泥(sediment)中的AOA类群。另外,有众多已检测的AOA在文献中并无记录和归类,其中包括RRS的缺失条带1、20、25和特有条带3。综合分析,抗草甘膦转基因大豆对根际AOA多样性没有显著性影响,但改变AOA群落的组成。Roundup ready transgenic soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] （RRS） is one of the genetically modified crops and firstly commercialized by the Monsanto Company. In recent years, more attention has been paid on the risk assessment of RRS, including the potential effects on soil biota diversity. Ammoniaoxidizing archaea （AOA） are a group of the key microbes in nitrification, playing an important role in N cycle. By using PCR-DGGE cloning, this paper studied the diversity of AOA communities in the rhizosphere soils of RRS, its non-transgenic parental isoline （RRS-S）, wild soybean （W-S）, and cultivated soybean （D-46）, aimed to provide theoretical basis for the ecological safety assessment on the transgenic soybean. The RRS had no remarkable effects on the AOA diversity, based on the Shannon diversity index and evenness index. The principal components analysis and DGGE analysis showed that the AOA community structure in the rhizosphere of RRS was significantly different with that in the rhizosphere of WS and D-46, but had no significant difference with that in the rhizosphere of RRS-S. Moreover, the AOA amoA gene sequencing of DGGE bands and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that parts of the AOA in the rhizosphere of test soybean cultivars belonged to the clusters already reported in soil/sediment, others belonged to the unknown clusters or groups in soil, but none of them belonged to the clusters in water or sediment. There was little change in the DGGE bands, among which, bands 1, 20, and 25 were missing, and band 3 was specific for RRS. In conclusion, RRS had no apparent effect on the diversity of AOA in rhizosphere soils, but could alter the composition of AOA community.

关 键 词：风险评价 PCR-DGGE 多样性 AMOA 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]