黑龙江中游底层鱼类群落结构及多样性  

Community structure and diversity of demersal fish in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River,Northeast China

作　　者：霍堂斌[1,2] 姜作发[1] 马波[1] 李喆[1] 于洪贤 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业部黑龙江流域渔业资源与环境重点野外科学观测试验站,哈尔滨150070 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第10期2591-2598,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(201011);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903048-06);中国水产科学研究院冷水性鱼类增养殖生物学与鱼类生理学重点开放实验室项目(201006)资助

摘　　要：2010—2011年采用定置网具和底层挂网对黑龙江中游底层鱼类进行调查。结果表明:采捕底层鱼类7目12科33属47种,其中外来移植鱼类1种,为湖拟鲤,列入《中国濒危动物红皮书.鱼类》的鱼类为施氏鲟、鳇、日本七鳃鳗和雷氏七鳃鳗4种;鲤形目种类最多,为31种,占调查物种总数的65.96%;黑龙江中游底层鱼类平均密度为139.00ind.m-3,平均生物量为344.58g.m-3;鱼类生态类型以河湖性和杂食性种类为主,群落优势种为兴凯鱊、光泽黄颡鱼、麦穗鱼、纵带鮠和银鲴等鱼类,优势种类中除鲇外,其他种类平均体重均小于30g;黑龙江底层鱼类群落的物种丰富度(D)、多样性指数(H')和均匀度(J')各断面均偏低,并存在一定程度的差异;黑龙江中游水质优良,大部分时期处于Ⅱ类水质以上水平,各断面鱼类种群多样性与营养盐及透明度等环境特征相关关系不明显,仅发现HW'与铵态氮和总氮呈显著正相关。By using fixing nets and hanging nets, an investigation was conducted on the demersal fish in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River from 2010 to 2011. A total of 47 demersal fish species were recorded, belonging to 33 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders, among which, Rutilus rutilus lacustris （Pallas） was adventive, and Acipenser schenckii （Brandt）, Huso dauricus （Georgi）, Lampetra japonica （Martens）, and L. reissneri （Dybowski） were the fish species listed in the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals （Pisces）. Cypriniformes had the most abundant species （31）, accounting for 65.96% of the total. The average density and biomass of the demersal fish were 139.00 ind·m^-3 and 344.58 g·m^-3, respectively. Fluviolacustrine species and heterophagous species were the main ecological groups, and Acheilognathus chankaensis （Dybowski）, Pelteobagrus nitidus （Sauvage et Dabry）,Pseudorasbora parva （Temminck et Schlegel）, Leiocassis argentivittatus （Regan）, and Xenocypris argentea （Gunther） were the dominant community species. The body weight of the dominant species except Silurus asotus （Linnaeus） was less than 30 g. The Margalef richness index D, Shannon diversity index H′, and Pielou evenness index J′ of the demersal fish in each section of Heilongjiang River were all lower, but had definite differences. The water quality in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River was high, and surpassed the Ⅱ class water quality during most of time. No significant relationships were observed between the fish diversity index and the environmental factors including nutrients and transparency in the River, but a positive relationship was found between the H′ and the water NH4＋-N and total N.

关 键 词：黑龙江中游 底层鱼类群落 优势种 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] Q958.8[农业科学—水产科学]