盐度胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼鳃氯细胞调节变化的影响  

Effects of salinity stress on the adjustment of branchial chloride cells in Oreochromis niloticus

作　　者：庄青青[1] 赵金良[1] 赵丽慧[1] 苌建菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第10期2619-2624,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-49-4B)资助

摘　　要：采用扫描电镜和免疫组化技术,研究了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鳃中氯细胞的分布,及其不同盐度(0、10、20、30)胁迫对氯细胞数目和形态变化的影响。扫描电镜结果表明:氯细胞分布在鳃丝的鳃小片基部,根据其表面开口长度,可分为Ⅰ型(>6.5μm)、Ⅱ型(3.2～6.5μm)和Ⅲ型(<3.2μm)3种亚型;不同盐度下氯细胞总数目变化趋势为盐度10<盐度20<盐度0<盐度30;从盐度0转移到盐度10后,氯细胞总数目减少,主要是由于Ⅰ型氯细胞数目显著下降;盐度20中的氯细胞数量高于盐度10,但不显著;盐度30中的氯细胞数量随Ⅲ型氯细胞数量的提高而显著增加。免疫组织化学进一步证实了不同盐度条件下Na+-K+-ATPase免疫反应性细胞均分布在鳃丝的鳃小片基部。本研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼可通过改变鳃氯细胞数量和形态结构来适应环境中的盐度变化,推测Ⅰ型氯细胞和Ⅲ型氯细胞分别在低盐、高盐适应中起着重要作用。By the methods of scanning electron micrograph and immunohistochemistry, this paper studied the distribution of epithelial chloride cells （CC） in Nile tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus） gills and the effects of different salinity （0, 10, 20, and 30） stress on the CC number and morphology. The surface scanning of the gills showed the epithelial chloride cells were distributed close to the interlamellar regions of gill filaments. According to the apical size, the CC could be divided into three subtypes, i.e., subtype Ⅰ （〉6.5 μm）, subtype Ⅱ （3.2-6.5 μm）, and subtype Ⅲ （〈3.2 μm）. The CC number in the gills at different salinities was in the sequence of salinity 10 〈 salinity 20 〈 salinity 0 〈 salinity 30. When the Nile tilapia transferred to the waters from salinity 0 to salinity 10, the total number of the CC in gills decreased, mainly due to the significant decrease of the subtype Ⅰ cells. The CC number at salinity 20 was higher than that at salinity 10, but the difference was not significant. The CC number at salinity 30 increased significantly with the increase of subtype Ⅲ cells. Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed that at different salinities, the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase immunoreactive （NKA-IR） cells were all distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments. It was suggested that Nile tilapia could adapt to the salinity change of the environment through changing the quantity and morphological structure of branchial chloride cells, and the subtypes Ⅰ and Ⅲ cells could play a key role for the osmoregulation in the waters with low and high salinity, respectively.

关 键 词：尼罗罗非鱼 盐度胁迫 鳃 氯细胞 Na+-K+-ATPase 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]