抚育对长白山幼龄次生林群落结构与动态的影响  

Effect of Thinning on the Structure and Succession of Secondary Forest Communities in Changbai Mountains of China

作　　者：柏广新 牟长城[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国吉林森林工业集团有限责任公司,长春130012 [2]东北林业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2012年第10期48-55,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201104070)

摘　　要：采用抚育采伐试验方法,研究了不同经营方式(对照、常规经营和优化经营)对长白山林区5种典型幼龄次生林林群落(落叶松—白桦林、杨桦林、杂木林、硬阔林及阔叶红松林)的树种组成结构、径级结构及演替趋势的影响规律。结果表明:优化经营能够提升高幼龄林群落中红松、水曲柳等珍贵树种的地位(重要值提高37.5%～400.0%),提高森林经营价值;优化经营能够显著降低各类型幼龄林的小径木株数比例(7.2%～29.9%)及提高中径级林木的比例(5.1%～26.4%),充分发挥森林的生产潜力;优化经营能够改变幼龄林的演替趋势(由次生林转化为阔叶红松林),从而加速地带性顶极植被阔叶红松林的恢复进程。Effects of three thinning regimes （control, routine thinning and optimal thinning） on the composition of tree species, diameter distribution and succession trend of five typical young secondary forest communities dominated by Lar/x olgensis, Betula platyphyUa ; Populus davidiana, B. platyphylla and Quercus mongolica ; P. davidiana, Tilia amurensis, Acer Motto and PheUodendron amurensis ; Ulmus davidiana vat. japonica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Juglans mandshurica ; Pinus ko- raiensis, F. mandshurica, P. davidiana and B. platyphyUa, respectively, were studied in Changbai Mountain of China. Importance values of some high-value tree species such as P. koraiensis and F. mandshurica in optimal thinning communi- ties increased by 37.5% -400.0% compared with those in the control communities, so the silvicultural value was much improved. Small diameter trees decreased by 7.2% -29.9% and medium diameter trees by 5.1% -26.4% in optimal thinning communities compared with the un-thinning communities, so its potential productivity was fully realized. The suc- cession trends of un-thinning communities were still secondary forest communities generally, but that of optimal thinning developed towards climax community （Korean pine mixed with hard broadleaved auxiliary species）, so optimal thinning could accelerate climax community restoration.

关 键 词：长白山林区 幼龄次生林 群落结构与动态 抚育经营 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]