基于产业链治理的集群外部经济增进研究——以浙江绍兴纺织集群为例  

Study of Industrial Cluster's External Economy Enhancing Based on the Governance of Industrial Chain——Examples from Shaoxing Textile Cluster in Zhejiang

作　　者：张小蒂[1] 曾可昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2012年第10期148-160,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"中国企业家资源拓展与动态比较优势增进互动机理及途径研究"(批准号71173181);浙江省哲学社会科学重点基地重点研究项目"基于产业链治理的浙江若干典型产业集群竞争力提升研究"(批准号11JDQY01Z)

摘　　要：外部经济通常被认为是形成集群竞争力的重要源泉,但鲜有文献揭示其变化规律。对浙江绍兴纺织集群的研究发现,当模仿创新达到一定程度时,集群的创新会因"搭便车"而陷入"囚徒困境",此类市场失灵会导致外部经济由升转降。通过以共享要素平台构建为核心的产业链治理,可促进群内各相关主体之间交易费用的降低和共生利益的形成,从而化解市场失灵,实现外部经济的由降转升,这一逆转可通过全要素生产率(TFP)的估计等测度予以初步验证。产业链治理包括:在上游研发环节构建以"企企"间"激励相容"为特征的共享技术平台,从研发成果的形成、流转与应用层次使集群研发效率提升,技术共享面扩大;在下游销售环节构建共享市场平台,通过传统网下业态向新型网上业态的延伸及适度利润率的定价策略可实现销售规模内生性扩大;以及促进上下游环节间的协同互动。研究表明,集群内要素的共享面越宽,共享程度越高,其外部经济的增进越显著;建立在"企企"与"政企"之间激励相容及企业家才能内生性拓展基础上的集群外部经济增进是可持续的。External economy is usually regarded as the important source for industrial clusters＇ competitiveness, but few literatures have revealed its change regulation. The researeh on Shaoxing textile cluster shows when imitation innovation is beyond a certain degree, the cluster＇s innovation would fall into ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ due to ＂free-ride＂. This kind of market failure would make external economy from up to down. Governance of industrial chain with shared factors platform as its core can promote the reduction of transaction cost and formation of symbiotic benefits among the related subjects, thus to dissolve the market failure and make the external economy by fall turn litre. This reversion could be tested by the estimation of total factor productivity. Industrial chain governance includes： establishing shared technique platform characterized by incentive compatibility between businesses in the upriver R＆D link, to elevate the cluster＇s efficiency of R＆D from its levels of formation, circulation and application; Establishing shared market platform in the downriver sales link, by extending the traditional market to online market and making reasonable return rate to realize the endogenous scale up of sales; And promoting the synergistic interaction between the upriver and downriver links. Studies show that, widening sharing face of cluster＇s factors would lead to the external economy increasing; External economy would be sustainable when based on incentive compatibility among enterprises and between government and enterprises, together with the endogenous increase of entrepreneur ability.

关 键 词：产业集群 外部经济 产业链治理 激励相容 企业家 

分 类 号：F427[经济管理—产业经济]