生物有机肥对土壤理化、生物性状和香蕉生长的影响  

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Application on the Growth of Banana and the Physical-chemical Properties of Soil

作　　者：张金妹 田世尧[2] 李扇妹 刘传和[2] 梁容森 匡石滋[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市坦洲镇农业服务中心,广东中山528467 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第25期265-271,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家星火计划项目"利用香蕉茎叶生产药肥两用新产品的技术开发与示范推广"(2010GA780005);国家科技支撑计划项目"蕉园农用化学品减量施用技术研究与示范"(2007BAD89B14);广东省科技计划项目"香蕉菠萝茎叶资源的循环利用研究"(2010B031800012);广东省东莞市科技计划项目"香蕉高效生态模式构建与产业化示范"(2011108101014)

摘　　要：为了探索生物有机肥在香蕉生产中的作用效果,采用大田试验,以生物有机肥为基肥和追肥2种施用方式,分析土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、田间持水量,测定土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量、土壤微生物生物量,调查香蕉茎叶生长、香蕉产量及果实性状等,为生物有机肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明:施用生物有机肥后,蕉园土壤容重降低0.83%～10.0%,土壤孔隙度提高2.42%～10.06%,田间持水量增加10.03%～23.79%;土壤有机质含量提高4.28%～15.04%,N、P、K含量分别增加5.26%～22.22%、0.04%～6.01%、2.96%～13.97%;土壤微生物生物量碳、氮分别比对照提高0.05%～8.98%和4.87%～145.27%;香蕉叶片N、P、K养分含量分别提高0.94%～1.41%、5.88%～27.94%、0.65%～4.88%,总叶绿素含量提高了6.62%～8.61%;且对香蕉生长有明显的促进作用,香蕉假茎高度增加了2.12%～22.74%,假茎围和绿叶数也有所增加;香蕉产量提高了7.9%～12.7%,并有效改善了香蕉果品品质。施用生物有机肥是改善蕉园土壤理化性状,提高土壤有效养分含量,增强微生物活性,促进香蕉生长,提高产量和果品质量的有效途径。A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of bio-organic fertilizers as both base fertilizer and top-dressing in the process of banana production.The physic-chemical characteristics of soil,such as bulk density,porosity,water holding capacity,organic matter components,N,P and K,and soil microorganisms were assessed.And the stem growth,fruits features and productivity were investigated.The results showed that,the bulk density of soil decreased by 0.83%-10.0% after the application of bio-organic fertilizers.The porosity increased by 2.42%-10.06%,the soil water holding capacity increased by 10.03%-23.79%,the soil organic matter component increased by 10.03%-23.79%,and N,P and K increased by 5.26%-22.22%,0.04%-6.01%,2.96%-13.97%,respectively.Compared with the control group,the soilmicrobial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 0.05%-8.98% and 4.87%-145.27% respectively,the N,P,and K content in banana leaves increased by 0.94%-1.41%,5.88%-27.94%,0.65%-4.88% respectively,and the total chlorophyll content increased by 2.12%-22.74%.The application of bio-organic fertilizers significantly facilitated the banana plant growth,as shown by the extended height（2.12%-22.74%） and circumference of banana pseudostem and increased number of green leaves.The fruit productivity was promoted by a quantity of 7.9%-12.7%,and the fruit quality improved as well.The application of bio-organic fertilizers was an effective way to amend soil,increasing its nutrient contents and microbial activity,as well as promote the growth of banana plantraising its productivity and fruit quality.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 土壤理化 生物性状 香蕉生长 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]