氮磷钾施肥水平对大豆产量及性状的影响  

Effects of Combined Fertilization of N,P and K on Soybean Yield and Yield Traits

作　　者：孙振宁[1] 李晶[1] 段兴武[2] 王英[1] 

机构地区：[1]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]云南大学亚洲国际河流中心,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《作物杂志》2012年第5期135-139,共5页Crops

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目"东北黑土区水土保持措施效益评估及防治技术"(201001026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：对于一直靠经验施肥的大豆主产区黑龙江省鹤山农场来说,精确量化氮磷钾肥对大豆产量及产量性状的影响,可科学指导当地施肥,为作物模型参数本地化提供依据。设计了氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥3要素5水平共25个处理的正交试验,经2010～2011年小区试验,通过多因素方差分析的方法,得到以下结论:(1)N肥是影响大豆产量的主导因子,大豆产量随施N量的增加先增加后减小,施N 140kg/hm2时产量达到最大,为2 883kg/hm2。(2)N肥和K肥是影响结荚数的主导因子,结荚数随着施N量和施K量的增加而不断增加,结荚数最多的施N量和施K量分别为180kg/hm2和60kg/hm2。(3)N肥和P肥是株高的主导影响因子,株高随着施N量的增加先增加后减小,但随施P量逐渐增加。施N和施P分别为100kg/hm2和120kg/hm2时达到最高。(4)百粒重随施N量的增加先增加后减少。Until recently, empiric fertilizations are primary methods in the Heshan farm, a typical farm in northeast China,located in Jiusan agriculture reclamation substation of Heilongjiang province. Therefore, a study on the effects of combined fertilization of N, P and K on soybean yield and yield traits is crucial. In the present study, a three-fac- tor and five-level orthogonal test was continuously conducted in 2010 and 2011. Our results showed that N was the key factor on yields. With an increased N amount, the yield showed a singlet curve, and the greatest yield was 2 883 kg/hm2 when the N amount was 140kg/hm2. N and K was the key factor on pod numbers. With an increased amount of N and K,pod numbers showed a continuous increase, and reached the maximum at N 180kg/hm2 and K 60kg/ hm2. N and P was the key factor on plant heights,which had the similar trend with the yield along with an increased N amount, but showed a continuous increase with an increased P amount. Plant heights reached the maximum at N 100kg/hm2 and P 120kg/hm2. The 100-seed weight also showed a similar pattern in the yield with an increased N amount.

关 键 词：大豆 氮磷钾肥 正交试验 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]