水资源利用对敦煌市生态环境演变的影响分析  

Analysis of the Influence of Water Use on the Eco-environmental Change in Dunhuang City

作　　者：马利邦[1] 牛叔文[2,3] 杨丽娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2012年第9期1531-1542,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：甘肃省发改委重大资助项目(GV2007-08)

摘　　要：基于遥感数据的解译分析,从1987年到2007年敦煌市自然植被面积下降543.69 km2,自然生态系统面积缩小17.62%,土地荒漠化趋势明显。根据实际测定的样方生物量与对应的土地利用类型面积拟合曲线,估算这一时期自然植被的生物量从102.42×104t下降到72.33×104t。敦煌市自然植被和人类活动的用水量此消彼长,总用水规模在6.3×108m3左右。自然植被用水量从1987年的3.072 7×108m3减少到2007年的2.17×108m3,净减少达30%。人类活动用水量从1987年的3.315 7×108m3增加到2007年的4.093×108m3。疏勒河干流及其支流党河都因为人类活动用水大量增加,挤占了自然植被的用水。特别是农业灌溉占用了绝大部分水资源,成为敦煌生态环境退化的主要原因。恢复和保护敦煌的生态问题,不仅需要调控党河流域的人类活动,也要调控疏勒河干流地区的人类活动。Based on the interpretation analysis of remote sensing data,it was found that the area of natural vegetation decreased 543.69 km2 and natural ecosystems area reduced 17.62% from 1987 to 2007 in Dunhuang City,which shows the obvious trend of land desertification.According to actual quadrate biomass measured and area of each land use type,we fit curves and estimate total biomass of the natural vegetation.The results demonstrate that the total biomass decreased from 102.42×104 t in 1987 to 72.33×104 t in 2007（nearly 30%）.Water consumption of natural vegetation decreases from 3.0727×108 m3 to 2.17×108 m3 in this period.Water consumption of human activity increases from 3.3157×108 m3 to 4.093×108 m3 accordingly.However,the total volume of water consumption is about 6.3×108 m3.In the main stream of Shule River and its tributary Danghe River,the water used for natural vegetation was crowded out because water consumption of human activity increased greatly.Especially,agricultural irrigation occupies most of water resource.This became the main reason for eco-environmental degradation in Dunhuang.To recover and protect the eco-environment from degradation,not only human activity should be regulated in Danghe River Basin,but also in Shule River Basin.

关 键 词：水资源利用 环境演变 自然植被 用水量 敦煌市 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]