蒸汽爆破对棉杆及棉杆/HDPE复合材料性能的影响  

The Effect of Steam Explosion on Cotton Stalk and Properties of Cotton-stalk/HDPE Composites

作　　者：许向东[1] 刘蕊杰[1] 胡丹[1] 刘念皖[1] 樊永明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《塑料工业》2012年第10期48-51,94,共5页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：将机械粉碎法作为对照,研究了蒸汽爆破法对棉杆及棉杆/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响。两种方法处理后的棉杆粉在105℃下烘干,筛取40～60目筛分,用扫描电镜(SEM)对其微观表征,毛细管上升法测其相对润湿接触角(RWAC)。两种棉杆粉分别与HDPE按一定质量比混合,造粒、挤出成型,测量复合材料力学性能及吸水率。SEM表征可知:蒸汽爆破棉杆粉的纤维分散性好,长径比高;机械粉碎棉杆粉的纤维大部分处于束状,长径比小;RWCA测量得知,蒸汽爆破棉杆粉的RWCA比机械粉碎棉杆粉的大3.9%,前者疏水性大;复合材料力学性能和吸水率测量得知:棉杆粉用量相同时,蒸汽爆破棉杆粉/HDPE复合材的拉伸强度和弯曲强度比机械粉碎棉杆粉/HDPE复合材料的高,最大分别高出23.9%和16.0%,蒸汽爆破棉杆粉/HDPE复合材的吸水率比机械粉碎棉杆粉/HDPE复合材料的低,最大低出84.6%。The effect of steam explosion on cotton stalk and properties of cotton-stalk/HDPE composites was studied with mechanical comminution method as comparison. After being treated by these two methods, cotton stalk powder was dried below 105 ℃. Screening and taking were 40 to 60 meshes screening which was characterized by SEM. Its RWCA was measuring by capillary rise method. These two kinds of cotton stalk powder were mixed with HDPE according to a certain mass ratio respectively, then by granulation, extrusion molding, the mechanical properties and water absorption of WPC was measured. According to SEM characterization, the dispersion of the cellulose of steam exploded cotton stalk powder was good. The length- diameter ratio of the cellulose was high. The cellulose of cotton stalk which was mechanical comminuted was still in bundle. The length-diameter ratio was low. According to the measurement of RWCA, the RWCA of the steam exploded cotton stalk powder was 3.9% larger than the other kind of powder and the hydrophobic property of the former was better. After measuring the mechanical properties and water absorption of the WPC, the tensile strength and flexural strength of steam exploded cotton stalk powder/HDPE composite were higher than the other one which was up to 23.9% and 16.0% respectively. The water absorption of steam exploded cotton stalk powder/HDPE composite was lower than the other one which was up to 84. 6%.

关 键 词：木塑复合材料 高密度聚乙烯 汽蒸爆破 机械粉碎 力学性能 吸水率 

分 类 号：TQ325.12[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]