鲨鱼类年龄和生长特性的研究进展  

Review on studies of age and growth of sharks

作　　者：戴小杰[1,2,3] 高春霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第10期1624-1632,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业部三大洋金枪鱼观察员项目(08-54);上海市捕捞学重点学科建设项目(S30702)

摘　　要：鲨鱼是海洋生态系统的重要生物类群。鲨鱼的年龄与生长作为基础的生活史特征,是资源评估所需的关键种群信息。鲨鱼的年龄与生长研究需要解决样本的选择与处理、年龄鉴定的方法和校正、生长模型的运用和参数估计等基本问题,否则难以得到可靠的结果。总结分析了两大类年龄鉴定方法及3种年龄校正技术的优缺点和应用局限性,比较分析了各种生长模型的应用差别,并对常见大洋性鲨鱼的生长参数进行了总结。研究认为,第一背鳍上部的脊椎骨是鲨鱼年龄鉴定的最佳硬质,硬质的处理需要借助化学方法,以提高轮纹清晰度;对年龄鉴定的校正是避免或减少系统误差的关键,校正方法的选择需要考虑鱼种的寿命;生长曲线的拟合需要选择多种备选模型,建议通过AIC信息准则筛选最优模型,为鲨鱼年龄与生长的进一步研究提供方法和技术上的参考,也可以为有关种类的资源评估提供生长参数。Sharks, as an important group of elasmobranches, play a vital role in keeping stability and diversity of marine ecosystem. Understanding of age and growth characteristics of sharks helps us know their life history and estimate the population dynamics and stock status. The main issues derived from previous studies of age and growth of sharks are as follows ： （ 1 ） What is the most appropriate sample for aging sharks？ （ 2 ） Which methods are the best for age determination and validation？ （3）How to select the best model to describe growth. These issues are reviewed in this study. We compare the advantages, disadvantages and application limitations of two age determination methods （hard tissue identification, length frequency analysis）and three age validation methods（margin increment analysis, chemical markers, and bomb carbon dating）. Applications of various growth models for different shark species are also analyzed. Our review indicates that vertebra close to the first dorsal fin are the best samples for determining age of sharks; chemical methods need to be used to increase the visibility of annuls; validation techniques are important for reducing systematic error in determining age of sharks; and multiple candidate models should be tested for choosing the optimal model. This study will provide guide and reference for further studying the age and growth of sharks.

关 键 词：鲨鱼 年龄鉴定和校正 生长模型 生长参数 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] S932.4[生物学—普通生物学]