尼古拉兹圆管沿程水流阻力实验的新发现  

New Discovery of Nikuradse's Experiments on the Law of Friction Resistance in Pipes

作　　者：万军伟[1] 黄琨[1] 李银泉[2] 毛迪凡[3] 沈仲智[1] 陈崇希[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学环境学院,武汉430074 [2]长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司,武汉443003 [3]中冶南方工程技术有限公司,武汉430223

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2012年第5期157-161,共5页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40972155)

摘　　要：关于圆管沿程阻力系数的变化规律至今一直沿用尼古拉兹(Nikuradse)的实验结果。在参考尼古拉兹实验的基础上,采用与其相似的制作工艺,设计并制作了相对粗糙度Δ/d为1/30.89的人工粗糙圆管,开展了不同流速条件下的水流阻力实验,验证了尼古拉兹关于圆管沿程水流阻力随水流流态变化的规律,同时发现尼古拉兹当年在人工粗糙圆管制作过程中采用的"二次刷胶"粘贴砂粒的方法,使得圆管内壁砂粒的实际粗糙度减小,其实验所得的圆管沿程阻力系数偏小。本次圆管沿程阻力系数确定的实验方法能够更准确地获得人工粗糙圆管沿程阻力系数,今后可以据此开展相应的系统实验,对尼古拉兹人工粗糙圆管沿程阻力系数及其变化规律加以修正。The law of friction factor in pipes obtained from experiments by Nikuradse was the fundamental theory until now. In this paper, similar fabrication process with Nikuradse＇s experiments was used to make rough pipes. Experiments on friction resistance were carried out in rough pipes with relative roughness △/d= 1/30.89. Results showed the variation of friction factor with the flow regime was generally identical with Nikuradse＇s. Meanwhile, the value of friction factor obtained from Nikuradse＇s experiments was less than actual value because the actual roughness decreased by the way of ＂secondary gluing＂ to paste sands on the pipe walls when the artificial rough pipeline is made. The value of friction factor obtained from experiments in this paper could be accurate with actual value and the law of friction factor could be revised by corresponding experiments.

关 键 词：尼古拉兹实验 人工粗糙圆管 相对粗糙度 沿程阻力系数 “二次刷胶” 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]