人上颌神经及其动脉供应尸体解剖研究  

Autopsy study for maxillary nerve and its artery supply

作　　者：张元鑫 张奎启[2] 秦泗佳[2] 王福[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连市口腔医院修复科,大连市116021 [2]大连医科大学口腔医学院口腔解剖教研室,大连市116021

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2012年第10期836-840,共5页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

摘　　要：目的 观测上颌神经的行程、分段，各段的长度、宽度、分支和动脉供应。方法取动脉灌注红色乳胶，福尔马林固定的50侧头部标本，用大体和显微解剖法，从不同入路分4段解剖上颌神经全程，观测上颌神经各段的长、宽、分支和动脉供应。以SPSS11．5进行统计学分析。结果上颌神经颅中窝段平均（元±s，下同）长约（10．70±1．31）mm，宽约（4．01±0．52）mm；该段神经由海绵窦下（外）动脉供应。翼腭窝段长约（16．21±1．80）mm，宽为（3．27±0．62）mm；发出颧神经、1—3条上牙槽后神经、2条神经节支和结节降支；该段神经由圆孔动脉供应。眶下管段长（25．73±2．03）mm，宽（3．30±0．52）mm；发出上牙槽中神经（64％）和上牙槽前神经；该段神经由眶下动脉供应。面段出眶下孑L发出上唇支、鼻支、睑支、颊支和颧支；这些神经主要由眶下动脉和面动脉发出的上唇动脉、内眦动脉供应。结论了解上颌神经的行程和动脉供应的知识有助于局部麻醉和上颌神经手术；在鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术中，眶下神经、蝶腭孔和圆孔是重要的解剖标志。Objective To observe the travel, divisions, and the lengths, diameters, branches, artery supplies of the main segments of maxillary nerve. Methods Fifty formalin-preserved adult half-head specimens with intravascular injection of red color emulsion were used for the gross and microanatomical studies of maxillary nerve. The lengths, diameters, branches and artery supplies of four main segments of maxillary nerve were observed. SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data. Results The length and diameter of cranial middle fossa segment of maxillary nerve were （ 10.70 ~ 1.31 ） mm and （4.01 ~ 0.52） mm respectively, which was supplied by inferior-lateral cavernous sinus artery. The length and diameter of pterygopalatine fossa segment were （16.21 ~ 1.80） mm and （3.27 -＋ 0.62） mm respectively, in which one zygomatic branch, one to three posterior superior alveolar nerves, two ganglion branches and tuberal descending branches; were given off, and the segment was supplied by foramen rotundum artery. The length and diameter of infraorbital segment were （ 25.73 ~ 2.03 ） mm and （ 3.30 -＋ 0.52 ） mm and it gave off middle superior alveolar nerve （64%） and anterior superior alveolar nerve and was supplied by infraorbital artery. Facial segment gave off superior labial branches, internal and external nasal branches, inferior palpebral branches, buecal branch and zygomatic branch and these branches were supplied by infraorbital artery and superior labial and angular artery originating from facial artery. Conclusions Understanding of travel and artery supply of maxillary nerve is helpful to regional anaesthesia and surgery for maxillary nerve. Foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen and infraorbital nerve are important marks for endoscopic surgery in pterygopalatine fossa.

关 键 词：上颌神经 眼动脉 尸体解剖 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]