灌溉与施氮对留茬免耕春小麦耗水规律、产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen supply levels on water consumption,grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat on no-tillage with stubble standing farmland

作　　者：刘青林[1] 张恩和[1] 王琦[2,3] 王田涛[1] 刘朝巍[1] 尹辉[2] 俞华林[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室青藏高原冰冻圈观测试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业学报》2012年第5期169-177,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)资助

摘　　要：在甘肃省石羊河流域绿洲灌区,研究了不同灌溉量(常规灌溉327mm,节水20%灌溉261mm和节水40%灌溉196mm)和施氮量(0,140,221和300kg N/hm2)对留茬免耕绿洲农田0～120cm土壤水分动态、小麦耗水规律、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,灌溉影响灌水前24h深层(80～120cm)土壤含水量和灌水后24h浅层(0～80cm)土壤含水量,施氮处理对深层(0～120cm)土壤含水量影响不显著。就全生育期而言,土壤贮水量和植株耗水强度随灌水量增加而增加,不施氮处理的土壤贮水量高于施氮处理,施氮对植株耗水强度影响不显著。当施氮量达到221kg N/hm2时,春小麦水分利用效率(14.51kg/hm2.mm)和春小麦籽粒产量(6 365kg/hm2)达到最大值。春小麦籽粒产量随灌溉量增加而增加,常规灌溉的平均籽粒产量比节水20%灌溉和节水40%灌溉分别增加8.2%和32.2%。不同灌溉之间的水分利用效率相差不显著。In the Shiyang River basin,the environmental deterioration caused by excessive nitrogen（N） and irrigation application in agricultural ecosystems has received much attention in recent years.A combination of careful irrigation and N management is needed to improve grain yield and water use efficiency（WUE） in the arid oasis agricultural area of Northwest China.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation and N application rates on water consumption,grain yield and water use efficiency on no-tillage farmland with standing stubble in the oasis region of the Shiyang River basin,Gansu province.The experiment followed a completely randomized split-plot design,taking flood irrigation（conventional irrigation 327 mm）,20%water-saving irrigation（261 mm）,40%water-saving irrigation（196 mm） and N fertilizer application rates（0,140,221,300 kg N/hm2） as the main-plot and split-plot,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,irrigation supply increased the soil water content in 80-120 cm depth measured 24 h before irrigation and in 0-80 cm depth measured 24 h after irrigation.Nitrogen application has no significant effects on the soil water content in 0-120 cm depth.Soil water storage and water consumption rate were increased with amount of irrigation.The soil water storage in the treatments without nitrogen application was significantly higher than that with nitrogen application.Nitrogen application did not significantly affect water consumption rate.When the rate of N application was 221 kg/N hm2,the grain yield（6 365 kg/hm2） and WUE（14.51 kg/hm2·mm） were reached the maximum among other N treatments across irrigation regimes.Spring wheat（Triticum aestivum） grain yield were increased with the amount of irrigation.The increases of grain yield in traditional irrigation were 8.2% and 32.2% when compared with 20% water-saving irrigation and 40% water-saving irrigation.The differences of WUE between different irrigations were not significant.

关 键 词：灌溉 施氮 土壤水分 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]