秸秆覆盖旱作对稻田甲烷排放和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Non-flooded with Straw Mulching Management on Methane Emission and Rice Yield in Paddy Field

作　　者：李大明[1,2] 成艳红[1,2] 刘满强[1] 秦江涛[3] 焦加国[1] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室,南京210095 [2]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西省红壤研究所,南昌331717 [3]中科院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第10期2053-2059,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30900210);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903011;201003016);江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)

摘　　要：为较全面评价秸秆覆盖旱作水稻栽培模式的生态意义,采用田间试验研究了常规淹水(F)、秸秆覆盖旱作(NF-M)和无覆盖旱作(NF-ZM)3种栽培模式稻田甲烷排放、水稻产量及土壤养分的变化规律。结果表明:3种水稻栽培模式的甲烷排放均集中在水稻生育期的前20d;在水稻生育期内,秸秆覆盖旱作稻田甲烷的排放总量为11.12g·m-2,显著高于常规淹水稻田的7.78g·m-2和无覆盖旱作稻田的4.23g·m-2。秸秆覆盖旱作稻田的水稻产量为8.60t·hm-2,与常规淹水处理没有显著差异,但二者均显著高于无秸秆覆盖旱作处理的6.78t·hm-2;与常规淹水处理相比,秸秆覆盖旱作还可以提高水稻单株生物量10g以上。秸秆覆盖旱作还可以显著提高稻田表层土壤有机质含量,维持和改善表层土壤养分状况,对实现农业可持续性有重要意义。因此,在水资源缺乏地区,秸秆覆盖旱作是一种值得考虑的替代传统淹水栽培的水稻栽培模式,同时秸秆覆盖旱作还田也是一种值得推广的稻田秸秆管理技术。Conventional rice cultivation not only consumes plentiful of water but also emits much methane from paddy field under flooded conditions.It is important to explore an alternative rice cultivation which could maintain high rice yield but reduce water consumption and methane emission.A field experiment was conducted to study the changes of methane emission,rice yield and soil nutrient under three rice cultivation styles,including conventional flooded（F）,non-flooded with（NF-M）and withou（tNF-ZM）straw mulching.The results showed that methane flux peaked 2 weeks after transplanting and maintained at low rate till another small peak 50 days after transplanting in all the treatments.The accumulated methane emission of NF-M,F and NF-ZM during the growing period were 11.12 g·m^-2,7.78 g·m^-2 and 4.23 g· m^-2,respectively.The NF-ZM reduced seasonal CH 4 emissions by 46% while the NF-M increased seasonal CH 4 emissions by 43% compared to the F.For the non-flooded treatment,the accumulated methane emission in treatment with straw mulching was 2.63 times higher than that of treatment without straw mulching.The rice yield of NF-M was almost equivalent with F,but NF-ZM was significantly lower than that of the F.The primary reasons of lower crop yield in non-flooded treatments were attributed to the high spikelet sterility and low 1000 grain weight,however,the total seed number of NF-M was higher than that of the other two treatments,which kept the crop yield at a high level.Meanwhile,the NF-M increased rice biomasses 10 g per hill compared to the conventional flooded treatment.The NF-M also increased soil or ganic matter content and improved or maintained nutrient status of surface soi（l0～15 cm）.Thus,non-flooded with straw mulching is highlighted as a promising alternative rice cultivation management for reducing water consumption and utilizing rice straw for rice paddy field management.

关 键 词：水稻旱作 秸秆覆盖 甲烷排放 水稻产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]