核事故与国内现役核电机组核安全措施  

Nuclear Accidents and Safty Measures of Domestic Nuclear Power Plants

作　　者：宋祖荣[1] 潘翔[2] 车树伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国核电》2012年第3期284-289,共6页China Nuclear Power

摘　　要：根据核电厂核安全和辐射安全的设计防御准则,对核电史上三次重大事件进行分析,挖掘出核电事故主要因素:人因因素和超过设计值的自然灾害。同时结合国内核电厂的设计参数和运行参数,对发生类似事故进行研究比较,提出必要的预防方案。国内现役核电厂在运行安全技术上,已经可以充分预防人因事故的发生,对于超过设计值的自然灾害及外在因素引起的事故,还应重新考虑安全标准。核电厂在建设和运行过程中,需要充分考虑在极端环境下,如何将核辐射和泄漏的危害程度降低至政府以及公众能够接受的水平。Based on the design standards for the safety of nuclear and radiation in nuclear power plants,the three accidents in the history of nuclear power are analyzed.And the main factors for these accidents are found out,that is,human factors and unpredicted natural calamity.By combining the design and operation parameters of domestic nuclear plants,the same accidents are studied and some necessary preventive schemes are put forward.In the security operation technology of domestic nuclear power plants nowadays,accidents caused by human factors can by prevented completely.But the safety standards have to be reconsidered for the unpredicted neutral disasters.How to reduce the hazard of nuclear radiation and leakage to the level that can be accepted by the government and public when accidents occur under extreme conditions during construction and operation of nuclear power plants must be considered adequately.

关 键 词：核事故 核安全 辐射安全 中国核电 

分 类 号：TM623[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]