上海市区与郊区降水的离子组成特征及来源  

Ion Composition and Its Sources of Rainwater from Shanghai Urban and Suburban Areas

作　　者：孔然[1] 郑祥民[1] 黄文丹[1] 周立旻[1] 张国玉[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200062 [2]宁德市国土资源局,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2012年第5期22-27,共6页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB957804);国家自然科学基金(41271054)

摘　　要：通过测试上海市区与郊区2008年4月—2009年3月的降水样品中的主要离子浓度值,分析了各离子的浓度变化特征和来源。结果发现:市区总离子浓度值为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,各离子平均浓度值为SO24->Ca2+>NH4+>Cl->NO3->Na+>Mg2+>F->K+;郊区总离子浓度值为秋季>冬季>春季>夏季,各离子平均浓度值为SO24->NH4+>Ca2+>Cl->Na+>NO3->Mg2+>F->K+。经定量探源分析,发现降水中离子浓度受人为活动影响严重,市区、郊区降水离子的人为源分别占离子总量的76.8%和71.7%。阴离子中,市区与郊区SO24-的人为源所占比例均为最高,Cl-的海源大于人为源,且郊区海源比例比市区高10.5%;NO3-、F-等均来自人为源。阳离子中,K+以陆源为主,市区有部分为人为源;Ca2+以人为源为主,且市区人为源比例高于郊区;Mg2+以陆源为主,且市区所占比例小于郊区。Rainwater samples were collected from April 2008 to March 2009 in Shanghai urban and suburban areas. The result showed that total ion concentrations were Winter 〉 Autumn 〉 Spring 〉 Summer in urban areas, and various ion average concentrations were SO4^2- 〉 Ca^2＋ 〉 NH4 〉 Cl^- 〉 NO3- 〉 Na ^＋ 〉 Mg^2＋ 〉 F^- 〉 K^＋. General ion concentrations were Autumn 〉 Winter 〉 Spring 〉 Summer in suburban area, and various ion average concentrations were SO4^2- 〉 NH4 〉 Ca^2＋ 〉 Cl^ - 〉 Na^＋ 〉 NO3^- 〉 Mg^2 ＋〉 F^- 〉 K^＋. Quantitative source analysis showed that rainwater ion composi- tions were mainly affected by anthropogenic activities, anthropogenic source of rainwater ions in urban and suburban areas accounted for the total ion concentrations of 76.8% and 71.7%, separately. In negative ion, anthropogenic source of SO2- in urban and suburban areas was the highest among the total sources. Sea source proportion of Cl^- was bigger than anthropogenic source, and sea source proportion from suburban area was 10.5%, bigger than urban areas. NO3^- and F- were from anthropogenic source. In positive ion, K^＋ was mostly from land source, and part from anthropogenic source in urban areas. Ca^2＋ was mostly from anthropogenic source, and its proportion was bigger in urban areas than that in suburban areas. Mg^2＋ was mostly from land source, and its proportion was bigger in suburban area than that in urban area.

关 键 词：降水 离子组成 来源 上海 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]