诗性时历——《月令》与汉代祭事诗关系探析  

The Poetic Calendar——On the Relationship between Yueling and the Sacring Poems of the Han Dynasy

作　　者：张树国[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学古代文学与文献研究中心,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期68-74,共7页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"汉-唐国家祭祀形态与郊庙歌辞研究"(09BZW021);教育部人文社科基金项目"汉-唐郊庙歌辞研究"(06JA75011-44024)的研究成果

摘　　要：《礼记·月令》是上古时代具有经典地位的时历书,同时也是政书,对天子岁时祭祀的种类和举行仪式的季节及功能具有规定性,为汉以后帝王们所恪守。岁时祭包括五郊迎气、社稷、山川、宗庙等"大祀",同时也包括诸如高禖、大雩、驱傩、八蜡等祭仪。五郊迎气以五神帝为诉求对象,祈祷四季平安;社稷之祀为祭祀土谷之神后土、后稷,祈年报功;山川之祀在上古时代具有疆界、川源、财用等多重信仰,在秦汉时代发展为封禅告天这一国家祭典;宗庙祭祀列祖列宗。《乐府诗集·郊庙歌辞》及历代礼乐志中记载的汉代祭事诗是汉代帝王们岁时祭祀中的仪式用歌。汉代祭事诗在祭祀对象、用牲、日期及仪式过程等方面体现了《月令》的影响,具有周期性、表演性和象征性的特点。Book of Rites-Yueling is a classical calendar as well as a political book in the ancient time. It includes the regulations of the kinds, season and function of imperial sacrifices, which were observed by the emperors after the Han Dynasty. The season＇s rituals included meeting with deities in five suberbs, worship cults of Hou＇tu and harvest deity, and the rituals of mountains, rivers and ancestral temples. The Han sacring poems recorded in Yuefu Poetry-Ritual Lyrics and other annals of rites and music were used in the imperial sacrifices by emperors, which are characterized by cyclicity, performance and symbolism. They were all influenced by Yueling in terms of sacrificial object, animal, date and process.

关 键 词：时历 月令 祭事诗 汉代 文学史 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]