立枯物和凋落物对土壤微环境及植物生长的影响  

Influence of Litter and Standing Litter on Soil Microenvironment and Plant Growth

作　　者：何峰[1,2] 王堃[2] 万里强[1] 李春荣[1] 李向林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2012年第5期19-23,共5页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-35-12);"十二五"国家科技计划"优质多抗牧草新品种选育与良种繁育关键技术研究与示范"项目(2011BAD17B01);中国农业科学院院所基金项目(2012cj-09)

摘　　要：于2010～2011年在国家草地生态系统野外科学观测研究站(河北省沽源县)围封10年的羊草草原上进行去除立枯物和凋落物(T1)、去除立枯物保留凋落物(T2)、保留立枯物和凋落物(T3)三种处理,对不同处理表层土壤的温度、含水量、羊草植物学特征以及地上生物量组成进行了分析。结果表明:T1处理增加土壤表层平均温度,降低土壤表层含水量;T3处理降低土壤表层温度,增加土壤含水量。土壤水热条件的改变,导致T1处理羊草种群密度为1130株/m2,显著高于T2和T3处理;羊草植株高度为22.27cm,显著低于T3。不同处理间羊草的地上生物量差异不显著。T1处理杂类草地上生物量为36.80g/m2,显著高于T3处理,总生物量为206.80g/m2,显著高于T3。T1处理增加土壤温度,降低土壤含水量,促进羊草分蘖,降低羊草植株高度,引起杂类草的入侵。T3处理降低土壤温度,提高土壤含水量,抑制羊草分蘖,提高羊草植株高度,抑制杂类草的入侵,降低地上生物量。The study on the influence of litter and standing litter on soil microenvironment and plant growth was carried out on fenced Leymus chinensis L.steppe for ten years in Guyuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station during 2010 to 2011.There were three treatments,T1：remove both litter and standing litter,T2：remove standing litter and remain litter,T3：remain both litter and standing litter.The soil hydrothermal conditions,botanical traits of L.chinensis and above biomass were measured.The results showed that T1 would increase soil temperature and decrease soil water content,that of T3 was the opposite.The density of L.chinensis was 1130 tillers/m2 in T1,which was higher than that of T2 and T3.The height of L.chinensis was 22.27cm in T1,which was lower than that of T3.There was no difference between T2 and T1 or T3 in plant height.The above biomass of forbs was 36.80g/m2 in T1,which was higher than that of 9.20g/m2 in T3.The total above biomass was 206.80g/m2 in T1,which was higher than that of 159.47g/m2 in T3.There was no difference among T1,T2 and T3 in L.chinensis biomass.Rational utilization was the key factor to remain ecosystem of L.chinensis steppe.

关 键 词：土壤温度 土壤含水量 植物学特征 地上生物量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]