土下覆膜播种方式作物自动破膜出苗效应  

A Study on self-puncture effect of different crops in sub-soil planting with film mulching

作　　者：杨忠娜[1] 唐继军[2,3,4] 张立峰[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [3]农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北张家口076450 [4]中国刑事警察学院痕迹检验技术系,辽宁沈阳110854

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第5期61-65,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B05);河北省科技支撑计划项目(06220901D);国家社科项目(11XRK004);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDSKZD1102)

摘　　要：针对传统地膜覆盖需要人工放苗,封堵地膜破洞等问题,研究了6种不同作物在土下覆膜时的自动破膜效应。结果表明:不同作物的自动破膜能力差异极显著,花生、玉米的自动破膜能力最强,其相对出苗率分别达0.85和0.78,南瓜最弱为0.48;影响作物自动破膜效应的因素及各因素间的互作中,以膜上覆土厚度与地膜厚度的影响最大,覆盖厚度为0.008 mm地膜+膜上覆盖2.0 cm土壤时作物的自动破膜效果最佳;自动破膜能力越强的作物,其自动破膜效果受覆盖材料变化的影响也相对较低。采用土下覆膜种植方式,作物出全苗时间与对照相近。Considering the problems of artificial seeding, sealing film hole in the traditional plastic film mulching, this paper studied the selfpuncture effect of six crops in subsoil planting with film mulching. The results showed that the selfpuncture ability of different crops in film mulching was different and the difference was extremely significant. The selfpuncture ability of peanut and maize was the strongest, and their relative seedling ratio reached 0.85 and 0.78, re spectively. Pumpkin was the weakest and its relative seedling ratio was 0.48. The factor strongly affecting the crop self puncture was membrane overlying soil thickness and the film thickness. In covering thickness of 0. 008 mm thick film ＋ membrane cover 2.0 cm thick soil, the crop selfpuncture effect with film mulching was the best. If the crop had a strong selfpuncture ability, its selfpuncture was affected relatively little by cover material change. The full stand time of crops in subsoil planting with film mulching was similar to control.

关 键 词：作物 土下覆膜 自动破膜 相对出苗率 

分 类 号：S342.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]