预防接种疫苗17例不良反应的分析  

Adverse reactions to vaccination:analysis of 17 cases

作　　者：朱金雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市北辰区疾病预防控制中心,300400

出　　处：《职业与健康》2012年第19期2412-2413,2416,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对17例疫苗接种后不良反应(ADR)的分析,了解疫苗ADR的发生率、ADR表现和有关特征,为其安全接种提供依据。方法通过描述性分析方法对疫苗ADR进行统计分析。结果不良反应发生率为0.056‰;均为一般不良反应,无异常反应;愈后良好;性别无差异;2岁以下儿童多。ADR表现多为皮疹、红肿、发热等,发生时间多在24 h内,吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗第4针次发生的有3例;关联性评价结果为可能和很可能。结论疫苗的ADR发生率低,不良反应严重程度低,无性别差异。疫苗不良反应关联性评价应综合考虑质量、运输和贮存污染、医务人员使用方法、受种者机体因素、偶合症、并用药等原因。[Objective]To understand the incidence rate,manifestations and characteristics of adverse reactions（ADR） to vaccine by analyzing 17 cases of adverse reactions to vaccine,and provide evidence for the safety and rational use.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the ADR to vaccine.[Results] The incidence of adverse reactions was 0.056‰.All were general adverse reactions without abnormal reaction,with favorable prognosis and no difference between genders.Most ADR appeared on children under 2 years.The main performances were the rash,sSwelling,fever,etc.Most reactions were reported in 24 hours;Three cases with DPT adverse reactions occurred in the fourth dose.The relevance evaluation result was possible or very possible.[Conclusion]The incidence of ADR to vaccination is relatively low,with low severity and no gender difference.Relevance evaluation of ADR to vaccination should consider quality,transportation and storage of contaminated,use way of medical worker,body factors of individual,coupling disease,simultaneous medication and other reasons.

关 键 词：预防接种 疫苗 不良反应 分析 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]