机构地区:[1]解放军总医院呼吸科,北京100853 [2]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院感染和临床微生物科 [3]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院呼吸科 [4]北京大学人民医院检验科 [5]卫生部北京医院呼吸与危重症医学科 [6]北京大学第三医院呼吸科 [7]上海复旦大学附属华东医院呼吸科 [8]广州呼吸疾病研究所 [9]中国医科大学附属第一医院呼吸疾病研究所 [10]沈阳军区总医院呼吸科 [11]吉林大学第二医院呼吸科 [12]南京军区南京总医院呼吸与危重症医学科 [13]四川大学华西医院呼吸科 [14]山东省立医院呼吸科 [15]武汉同济医院呼吸科
出 处:《中华结核和呼吸杂志》2012年第10期739-746,共8页Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
摘 要:目的探讨我国医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的临床与致病微生物特点,为临床合理治疗提供依据。方法在中国不同城市的13家教学医院进行HAP多中心、前瞻性调查研究。人选2008年8月至2010年12月国内13家大型教学医院呼吸科病房和呼吸科监护病房(RICU)所有确诊为HAP的患者。收集人选患者的临床资料,留取痰或气管吸引物及发热患者的血标本进行常规细菌培养及药敏试验,留取间隔2周以上的双份血清检测军团菌血清抗体,留取尿液检测尿液中肺炎链球菌抗原水平。结果610例HAP患者中,93.9%(573例)合并一种或多种基础疾病,HAP总发生率为1.4%(610/42877),其中呼吸科普通病房的发生率为0.9%(362/41261),RICU的发生率为15.3%(248/1616)。610例中91.0%(555例)的患者在发生HAP前90天内使用过抗菌药物。HAP患者中79.8%(487/610)的患者检测到病原体,首位是鲍曼不动杆菌,占30.0%(183/610),其次为铜绿假单胞菌(22.0%,134/610)、金黄色葡萄球菌(13.4%,82/610)及肺炎克雷伯菌(9.7%,59/610);18例(3.0%)分离到苛养菌。呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)中鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率为50.5%(97/192)和21.4%(41/192),显著高于非VAP患者[分别为20.6%(86/418)和9.8%(41/418),均P〈0.01]。急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分II(APACHE1I)评分≥20的患者中,鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率分别为45.7%(69/151)和20.5%(31/151),显著高于APACHEII评分〈20的患者[分别为24.8%(114/459)和11.1%(51/459),均P〈0.01]。鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯的耐药率高达76.8%(109/142),对头孢哌酮舒巴坦的敏感度为40.8%(58/142),多黏菌素的敏感度为99.3%(141/142),替加环素的敏感度为9Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in China and to provide evidence for appropriate therapy. Methods We performed a prospective multicenter study in 13 Chinese urban tertiary hospitals. All HAP cases diagnosed at respiratory general ward and respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) from August 2008 to December 2010 were studied. Epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics of enrolled patients were collected. Sputum or tracheal aspirate and blood cultures, Legionella antibodies and Streptococcus pneunoniae urinary antigen tests were performed. Bacteria to antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. Results A total of 610 cases of HAP were diagnosed during the study, with an overall incidence of 1.4% among 42 877 hospitalized patients, while the incidence was 0. 9% (362/41 261 ) in respiratory general ward and 15.4% (248/1616) in RICU. 93.9% (573 cases) of patients had at least one underlying disease, and 91.0% (555 cases) had exposure to at least one antimicrobial agent within 90 days prior to HAP diagnosis. Pathogens were identified in 487 patients, with Acinetobaeter baumannii [ 30.0% ( 183/610 ) ], Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 22. 0% (134/610) ], Staphylococcus aureus [ 13.4% ( 82/610 ) ~ and Klebsiella pneumonia [ 9.7% ( 59/610 ) ] being the most common pathogens. Eighteen patients (3.0%) had infection with fastidious bacteria. A. baumannii and S. aureus were the more frequent pathogens in the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) cases [50. 5% (97/192) and 21.4% (41/192) ] as compared to non-VAP cases [20. 6% (86/418) and 9.8% (41/418), P 〈0. 01 ]. A. baumannii and S. aureus were also frequent pathogens in cases with a score of more than 20 by the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II ( APACHE II ) scoring [45.7% (69/151)and 20. 5% (31/151) ] , as compared to cases with a score of less than 20 of APACHE II [ 24. 8% (114/459) and 11.1
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