铜镍多金属硫化矿生物浸出研究现状及进展  

Research Status and Progress in Bioleaching of Cu-Ni Polymetallic Sulphide Deposit

作　　者：杨晓龙[1] 温建康[1] 武彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院生物冶金国家工程实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2012年第5期822-829,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技部科技支撑计划(2012BAB10B08);国家科技部863计划(2012AA060502)资助项目;国家科技部973计划(2010CB630905)资助项目

摘　　要：铜镍多金属硫化矿是目前产镍的主要矿物,这些含镍硫化矿物很容易被细菌侵蚀,对于生物浸出铜镍硫化矿,许多学者已经开展了广泛的研究,并实现了规模化的工业实践。介绍了铜镍多金属硫化矿的主要矿床类型、分布规律和矿物组成特征,并从矿物晶体结构、热力学、电化学等多个方面分析了铜镍硫化矿中主要矿物物化性质的差异,总结了铜镍硫化矿生物浸出研究的现状。当前,生物浸出铜镍多金属硫化矿还有很多机制和工艺上的问题有待进一步解决:高性能浸铜、浸镍菌种的选育驯化;浸出铜镍硫化矿过程的微观机制分析以及常规生物浸出工艺存在的各种问题。未来铜镍矿生物浸出的发展趋势主要有3方面:高效菌种选育、微观机制研究、新工艺开发。对于常规生物浸出铜镍硫化矿工艺,所得浸出液成分复杂,杂质含量较高,给萃取分离工作带来了困难,本文提出了复杂铜镍硫化矿生物选择性浸出的新思路,有助于解决复杂生物浸出液中有价金属的高效分离。目前,该工艺还处在实验阶段,要实现其工业化应用还需要更广泛的基础理论研究和工艺实践。Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit was the main mineral containing nickel at present,these minerals were easy to bacteria erosion.Many scholars conducted extensive researches and scale industrialization of bioleaching of Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit was accomplished.The types,distribution and characteristics of the main miner in Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit were introduced and the difference of physical and chemical properties by electronic structure,thermodynamics,electrochemistry and so on were analyzed,the current situation of bioleaching of Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit were summarized.The bioleaching had a lot of mechanism and technical problems to be further solved： breeding domestication of high-performance copper,nickel leaching strains,microscopic mechanism analysis of the leaching process and existing problems of regular bioleaching and so on.The trend of the development of bioleaching of Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit mainly existed in three aspects： efficient bacteria breeding,microscopic mechanism research,new process development.In the regular bioleaching of Cu-Ni polymetallic sulphide deposit process,the composition of lixivium was complex and impurity content was high,it brought more difficulty for extraction.The selective bacterial leaching process which might be conducive to the efficient separation of valuable metals was presented.The technique was still in the experimental stage now,it needed more extensive basic theory research and technology practice before realizing the industrial application.

关 键 词：铜镍多金属硫化矿 生物浸出 新工艺 选择性浸出 

分 类 号：TF18[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]