真空管式太阳能集热器研究最新进展  

Latest Development of Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors

作　　者：李建昌[1] 侯雪艳[1] 王紫瑄[1] 吴隽稚[1] 巴德纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院真空与流体工程研究中心,沈阳110819

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2012年第10期943-950,共8页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(2010004420023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(M10403001)

摘　　要：从选择性吸收涂层的材料、结构、热稳定性及真空环境等方面综述了真空管式太阳能集热器的研究进展。不锈钢、Ti、Al、Ni类材料适于制备中低温选择性吸收涂层;而Mo和W类等高熔点材料,适于高温涂层。涂层结构方面,主要有吸收层/介质减反层的光干涉类、金属红外反射层/金属介质吸收层/介质减反层的金属陶瓷类。影响涂层热稳定性的主要因素是高温下涂层的破裂、氧化及元素扩散,涂层厚度与结构也能影响热稳定性。结果表明:①选择性吸收涂层制备,应采用电化学或磁控溅射技术并结合纳米材料对涂层进行多层化、梯度化研究;②应着重发展Mo类金属陶瓷型的热稳定性好的涂层,以实现高温高效集热;③应加快实现太阳能集热器的智能化、自动化与建筑一体化。The latest development of the vacuum tube solar collectors was reviewed. The discussions centered on three aspects：the advanced materials, structures, and thermal stabilities of the selective absorption coatings in vacuum. The stainless steel, Ti,A1 and Ni are good materials for applications at low and medium temperatures;whereas Mo and W do well at high temperatures. The absorption coatings are mainly divided into two types：the absorber layer/anti-reflection dielectric layer, based on light interference;the metal infrared reflection layer/metal dielectric absorber layer/anti-reflec- tion dielectric layer, named as the cermet absorber coating. Three main factors influencing the thermal stability include cracks, oxidation, and atomic inter-diffusion at high temperatures. Besides, the thermal stability also depends on its thick- ness and microstructures. The scenarios possibly focus on, i）. growth of multilayer and gradient structured layers by elec- trochemical route and/or by magnetron sputtering, and hopefully with some nano-materials or nano-structures;ii）, devel- opment of the Mo-based cermet coatings with high efficiency at high temperatures; iii）. realization of the devices with high intelligence, automation, and integration in buildings.

关 键 词：太阳能 真空管式集热器 选择性吸收涂层 热稳定性 

分 类 号：O484.1[理学—固体物理]