儿童预防接种副反应原因分析及对策  

ANALYSIS ON CAUSES AND STRATEGY OF ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION IN CHILDREN

作　　者：曹军[1] 梁凤萍[1] 覃燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西南宁市第四人民医院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2012年第3期601-603,610,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解预防接种副反应发生的一般规律,探讨儿童预防接种反应发生的原因,寻找降低预防接种副反应的方法。[方法]收集2007～2009年南宁市第四人民医院预防保健科资料,分析引起副反应的疫苗种类和临床表现。[结果]在68465例各类疫苗使用过程中,AEFI发生率223/万;AEFI发生率以0～6月龄儿童为最高,绝大部分AEFI发生都是在24h内,而且以一般反应居多,以发热、红肿、硬结等症状常见。[结论]绝大多数疫苗是安全的,发生副反应机率是很低的,虽然疫苗的不良反应不可避免,但通过熟练的业务以及优质的服务,严格安全注射,禁忌症筛查,预防接种前告知制度等可控因素能有效避免AEFI的发生。[Objective]To understand the general rule of occurrence of adverse events following immunization in children,to discuss the cause of side effects,and to look for the method to lower side effects of vaccination.[Methods]Collected data in Prevention and Health Care Department of Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning City,analyzed the vaccine types caused side effects and clinical manifestations.[Results]In the use of 68 465 cases of various types of vaccines,incidence of AEFI was 223/10 000;highest incidence of AEFI was found among children aged 0-6 months,most AEFI happened within 24 hours.The general reactions were common,such as fever,swelling,induration.[Conclusion]The major vaccines are safe,the occurrence of side effects is very low.Although the side effects of vaccine are inevitable,the controllable factors like skilled service and high quality service,stringent safe injection,contraindication screening,announcement before vaccination can effectively prevent the incidence of AEFI.

关 键 词：预防接种 副反应 对策 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]