黄土坡耕地玉米作物的防蚀作用研究  

Studies on anti-erosion effects of the maize in loess sloping fields

作　　者：杨晓芬[1] 吴发启[1] 马波[1] 农淦[1] 王林华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第10期97-102,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"973"重点基础研究项目(2007CB407201-5)

摘　　要：【目的】研究10°坡耕地上玉米的防蚀作用,为评价农作物的水土保持功能提供参考。【方法】采用人工模拟降雨的方法,以裸地为对照,分析了10°坡耕地上不同生育期(幼苗期、拔节初期、拔节中期、抽雄前期和抽雄后期)玉米完整植株及其根系对坡面产流产沙量和过程的影响。【结果】在幼苗期、拔节初期、拔节中期、抽雄前期和抽雄后期,整株玉米和仅保留根系玉米的径流模数和侵蚀模数均呈逐渐降低的趋势;在玉米的同一生育阶段,径流模数和侵蚀模数均表现为裸地最高,只保留根系玉米次之,整株玉米最小。在产流产沙过程中,与裸地相比,整株玉米和只保留根系玉米均可有效地延迟产流产沙时刻、峰值出现的时刻以及平和产流和产沙过程,但只保留根系玉米平和产流产沙过程的作用较弱。【结论】只保留根系玉米与整株玉米的防蚀作用相似,都可有效地减少土壤侵蚀,但其对产流产沙过程的调控作用相对较弱。【Objective】In odder to explore erosion prevention mechanism and to improve functional evaluation on water and soil conservation by crops,study on sediment and yield runoff was carried out on slop farmland with the gradient of slope being 10.【Method】In contrast to bare land,a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to study the effects of the maize and maize roots on runoff and sediment yields in sloping fields.【Result】The leaf area index of maize increased with the growth of maize.At the seedling stage,early jointing stage,middle jointing stage,early tasseling stage and late tasseling stage,the runoff and sediment yield of bare land were always the highest at the whole five growing stages of maize.The next was that of maize field in which only maize roots were kept.The runoff and sediment of maize field in which the whole maize plant was kept were the lowest.Compared with the bare land,the whole maize plant could effectively delay the beginning time of runoff and sediment production and the time of the peak occurred.The maize could also alleviate the process of runoff and sediment production,while maize roots had slight effects on the process of runoff and sediment production.【Conclusion】Maize roots played a role similarly to the whole maize plant in erosion prevention.Both maize roots and the whole maize plant could reduce soil erosion.But the regulatory effect of maize roots on the process of runoff and sediment production was relatively weak.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 土壤侵蚀 玉米 根系 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]