也谈道经中的“搏颊”  

About the "Bojia" in Taoist Scriptures

作　　者：田启涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,成都610064

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2012年第4期82-86,共5页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"早期天师道文献词汇描写研究"(09BYY043);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"六朝道经韵部研究"(2009JJDD750011)

摘　　要："搏颊"(亦作"自搏")是魏晋南北朝道经中的一个常见词语,表"击打面颊"之义,早期道教文献中常与"叩头"相连而用,是道教斋醮仪式中的重要程序,其目的是谢罪、首过。"搏颊"和"叩头"表示两个密切相关、相承的行为,所以在形式上可以凝合为紧密的"叩头搏颊"、"叩搏"。"叩头"表认罪或者求饶,"搏颊"则是自我惩罚之义,这是两个相关的行为,一方面承认罪过,一方面作出惩罚。"搏颊"本是人们现实生活中悔恨、痛自责时的一个行为动作,从民间兴起的道教把它吸收过来,并且当做一种仪式行为加以推行。从现存语料看,"搏颊"作为道教一种规范的仪式被施行,不晚于东汉末魏晋初。至东晋义熙初,道教仪式中省去了这种"打拍法",致使后人因不了解"搏颊"之俗,而对该词产生诸多误解。我们以道经语料为依托,以佛经及传统文献典籍用例为参照,以期廓清其意义内涵。＂Bojia＂ （striking one＇s own face） was a common word in Taoist scriptures during the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. which means ＂striking the cheek＂. In early Taoist scriptures, it was often connected with ＂koutou＂ （knocking head）. It was an important step in the Taoist ceremonies, aiming to offer an apology and confess. ＂Bojia＂ and ＂koutou＂ signify two closely related and successive actions. They can join together as ＂koutou bojia＂ and ＂koubo.＂ ＂Koutou＂ means confession and mercy. ＂Bojia＂ means self punishment. Originally ＂bojia＂ was an act of regret and self-accusation. Taoism originated from the folk culture and absorbed the ＂bojia＂ as ritual behavior. The extant materials show that as a Taoist standard ceremony, ＂Bojia＂ was performed no later than the end of Eastern Han and early Wei-Jin Dynasties. It was stopped until the Yixi era of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. That＇s why people do not understand the custom and even misunderstand the word. This paper aims at clearly explaining its meaning and connotation according Taoist materials and traditional Buddhist scriptures.

关 键 词：道经 搏颊 自搏 叩搏 叩头 

分 类 号：B958[哲学宗教—宗教学]