罪量因素:构成要素抑或处罚条件?  

Quota Factor: Constitutive Element of Crime or Objective Punishment Conditions

作　　者：王强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]南京工业大学法政学院

出　　处：《法学家》2012年第5期14-38,176,共25页The Jurist

基　　金：作者主持国家社科基金青年项目"犯罪成立罪量因素研究"(项目编号:12CFX033)阶段性成果

摘　　要：建构包涵罪量因素的犯罪构成体系,涉及罪量因素在犯罪论体系中的定位问题。罪量因素难以整体作为处罚条件;只有行为获利等不法中立的罪量因素,应当作为犯罪成立的第四要件———真正的客观处罚条件;而丢失枪支不报、滥用职权等罪中的"严重后果"、"重大损失",是可罚违法程度的表征,属于不法构成要素,只是此类后果与行为之间客观关联上的特殊性,而无法还原为典型的危害结果,对此类后果只须有认知预见,无须考虑意志因素,即可认定故意成立,因而是一种非典型的不法构成要素;其余绝大多数罪量因素均可还原为身份、行为、结果等典型的不法构成要素。罪量构成要素在事实和价值层面的特性,使它区别于可罚的违法性等理论和罪体构成要件要素。To construct the criminal constitution system including quota factors,it is diffcult to concider quota factors as a whole to be the objective punishment conditions.Only the illegal neutral quota factors such as behavioral profit,can be taken as the fourth element of crime-the real objective punishment condition;and the 'serious consequences' or 'heavy losses' which provided in the crime of failing to report about the matter of losing guns and the crime of abusing authority,as the characterization of the illegal degree,is the element of illegal constitutions,because of the particularity of the objective link between such consequences and the behavior,which decides that we can not revert such consequences to the typical hazard results.The only need to foresee such consequences,without regard to the willing factors,can be identified the mens rea.So it is an atypical illegal element.The rest of the vast majority of the quota factors can restore to a typical illegal element such as the identity,behavior and consequences.The quota constitutive element of crime's features in fact and value,which make it different from the theory of punishable illegally and the molar constitutive element of crime.

关 键 词：罪量因素 构成要件要素 客观处罚条件 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]