长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的评价方法  

Evaluation Method on Soil Fertility Under Long-Term Fertilization

作　　者：包耀贤[1] 徐明岗[1] 吕粉桃[1] 黄庆海[2] 聂军[3] 张会民[1] 于寒青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]江西省红壤研究所,江西进贤331700 [3]湖南农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第20期4197-4204,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100501);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030);国家基础性工作专项项目(2007FY220400)

摘　　要：【目的】确定长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的适宜评价方法。【方法】以湖南望城和江西进贤的长期试验数据为基础,比较和分析因子分析法、相关系数法、内梅罗指数法3种评价方法对土壤肥力的综合评价结果,探明适宜土壤肥力变化的综合评价方法。【结果】20多年长期施肥下,3种评价方法所得综合土壤肥力指数(IFI)的变化趋势和差异性不同:因子分析法和相关系数法评价结果相似,而内梅罗指数法与二者存在一定差异,评价结果灵敏度较高。经验证,3种评价方法的IFI与作物产量间均呈极显著正相关,其中内梅罗指数法相关性更高。内梅罗指数法评价结果:低产的不施肥(CK)、偏施肥(NK)处理IFI随时间呈下降趋势;高产的均衡施肥(NPK、2NPK、NPKCa、NPKS、NPKM)处理IFI随时间趋稳,且均值显著高于不施肥和偏施肥的处理。【结论】因子分析法、相关系数法和内梅罗指数法均适用于长期施肥下土壤肥力的综合评价,但应首选内梅罗指数法,最后选相关系数法。【Objective】To confirm the proper integrated evaluation methods of soil fertility under long-term fertilization.【Method】Based on the data for long-term fertilization at Wangcheng（Hunan province） and Jinxian（Jiangxi province）,and the comprehensive evaluation results of the methods of factor analysis,correlation coefficient and Nemoro index were compared and analyzed,and a proper evaluation method was screened out.【Result】 The results indicated that the integrated fertility indexes（IFI） of factor analysis method and correlation coefficient method showed a similarity in variation trend and difference in different fertilization treatments in over 20 years of long-term experiment,and IFI of Nemoro index method had a difference with the former two and had a high sensitivity.The testing results showed that the interrelations between the IFI of three methods and rice yield showed a very significant positive correction.The result of Nemoro index method had a better relevancy and could well reflect soil fertility to certain extent.The IFI for Nemero index method was as follows： the IFI of low-yield,including non-fertilizer treatment（CK） and partial fertilization treatment（NK）,decreased over time.The IFI of high-yield,i.e.balanced fertilization treatment（NPK,2NPK,NPKCa,NPKS,NPKM）,had a small change with time,and the average of IFI for balanced fertilization treatments significantly higher than that of CK and NK treatments.【Conclusion】Factor analysis method,correlation coefficient method and the Nemero index method are suitable for the integrated evaluation of soil fertility under long-term fertilization,but Nemoro index method is the first choice and correlation coefficient method should be selected finally.

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤肥力综合评价 因子分析法 相关系数法 内梅罗指数法 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]