中国制造业企业内外贸市场选择的贸易成本解释  

Trade Cost Explanation on Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises Market Selection

作　　者：徐蕾[1] 尹翔硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《南方经济》2012年第10期214-227,共14页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(项目批准号10JJD790019)"贸易顺差的实体经济原因";复旦大学2012年度研究生创新基金的资助

摘　　要：本文针对中国的数据,对Melitz(2003)的模型进行拓展,从贸易成本的角度解释了中国制造业企业内外贸市场选择问题。由于国内市场并不是一个统一的大市场,因此在国内市场经营的固定贸易成本甚至超过出口固定成本。本文采用工业企业数据库中内外贸企业销售费用的差别,说明国内贸易的固定成本大于出口贸易的固定成本,并以此推出内销企业的生产率较出口企业高的原因。本文采用最大似然估计方法,基于logit模型,利用工业企业数据库数据,对制造业整体样本及纺织服装制造业样本进行检验,分析了影响中国制造业企业市场选择的主要因素。结果显示只在国内市场销售的企业生产效率更高,国外市场更低的销售费用促进了企业出口,不同市场的贸易成本差异会对企业市场选择有重要影响。不同年份的数据,以及分企业性质和剔除纯出口企业影响的检验结果是一致的。This paper extends Melitz＇ s （2003） model with Chinese firm data, and explains the market selection problem of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Because Chinese domestic market can＇ t be treated as a unified market, the fixed trade cost in domestic market even higher than when exporting. Chinese industry firm data shows the sales expense of typical industry firms in domestic market is higher than that in foreign market, which means the fixed cost of domestic trade exceed export fixed cost and explains why the productivity of firms in domestic market are higher than the firms in foreign market. This paper uses logit model based on maximum likelihood method to estimates what kind of reasons affect Chinese manufacturing enterprises＇ market selection. This paper uses Chinese industry firm data and choose the full manufacturing sample and textile industry sample. The result shows the firms only in domestic market have higher productivity, and lower sales expense in foreign market significantly promotes exporting, and the trade cost difference in different market has obvious impact on enterprises＇ market selection. The examination result of different year, the sub - sample of foreign and domestic firms, and sample excluding pure exporter shows the same result.

关 键 词：贸易成本 制造业 市场选择 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易]