我国城市暴雨内涝的成因及其应对策略  

Formation causes and coping strategies of urban rainstorm waterlogging in China

作　　者：张炜[1] 李思敏[1] 时真男[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学城市建设学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2012年第5期180-184,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07203-003);河北省应用基础研究计划重点基础研究项目(12966738D);邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(1023109106)

摘　　要：暴雨内涝是城市自然灾害的主要形式之一,并长期困扰我国的许多城市。依据城市化进程及排水系统的发展趋势,揭示了我国城市暴雨内涝防治的误区,全面剖析了暴雨内涝的成因。结果表明:排水系统设计标准低下是我国城市暴雨内涝的一个重要的、但非唯一的成因;仅通过提高设计标准防治暴雨内涝投资巨大、实施困难,且成效不大。我国城市暴雨内涝的成因还包括城市下垫面不透水比例增加、暴雨洪峰流量增大、排水系统雨污混接现象普遍存在、地面沉降日趋严重、相关部门与专业缺乏沟通与合作等。基于发达国家城市暴雨管理的研究成果和实践经验,结合我国城市排水系统的实际情况,提出了暴雨内涝防治的应对策略,以促进城市暴雨管理体系的建立和完善。Rainstorm waterlogging is one of the main urban natural disasters,which has been affecting many cities in China for a long time.With reference to the development trend of urbanization and sewerage,existing mistaken concepts of urban rainstorm waterlogging control was revealed,and formation causes of rainstorm waterlogging were analyzed roundly.Results show that,low design standard of sewerage is one of the important formation causes of urban rainstorm waterlogging,but is not the only.Control the rainstorm waterlogging just by raising design standard is prohibitive in investment,difficult in implementation and low in efficiency.The formation causes of urban rainstorm waterlogging also involve enlarged proportion of urban impervious catchment,increasing storm peak flow,unreasonable connection widely exited between storm and sewage discharge,increasingly serious land subsidence,lack of communication among related departments and specialty,and so on.Based on the research results and practical experiences in developed countries and the status quo of the urban sewerage in China,coping strategies are put forward for urban rainstorm waterlogging control,so as to promote the establishment and perfection of urban stormwater management system in China.

关 键 词：暴雨内涝 成因 应对策略 暴雨管理体系 

分 类 号：U447[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]