陕北子长县设施农业土壤养分动态变化规律  

Fluctuations of Soil Nutritional Contents in Controlled Environmental Agriculture of Zichang County in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：张亚林[1] 李新平[1] 李文斌[1] 吕世丽[1] 慕小艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第9期201-206,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：日本Cosmo石油株式会社资助

摘　　要：选取陕北延安市子长县具有代表性的设施农业土壤,以不同建棚年限(1、3、6、11a)的设施农业土壤为试验材料,分别取0～10cm、10～20cm和20～40cm的分层土样,以大田土壤作为对照,对其基本养分含量指标进行测定,分析不同地域、不同栽培年限、不同土壤层次设施农业土壤养分的动态变化和富集规律,对设施农业土壤状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)设施土壤全氮、碱解氮含量都表现出随着种植年限的增加而增加的趋势,但都是随土壤深度的加深,含量逐渐降低。并且0～20cm的含量和增加幅度都要高于20～40cm。随着设施土壤种植年限的增加和逐年肥水的施入,全氮、碱解氮含量也逐渐富集。设施农业土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量高于对照。(2)硝态氮和铵态氮随着设施种植年限的增加,含量逐渐升高。随着土壤深度的加深,含量逐渐降低。相同地方和相同种植时间的设施土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量相比较,硝态氮要高于铵态氮含量。(3)设施农业土壤全磷、速效磷含量都显著高于对照,均有不同程度的富集。由于大多设施作物属于浅根性作物,逐年施肥大多集中在0～20cm,因此,0～20cm的含量要高于20～40cm的含量。在0～11a内随着种植年限的增加磷素含量逐渐呈增加的趋势,随着土层深度的加深磷素养分含量逐渐降低。Abundance of soil nutritional contents in controlled environmental agriculture is economically associated with the crop yield and quality.In this study,we conducted a series of experimental analysis of soil contents in controlled environmental agricultural greenhouses in Zichang,Yan＇an,Shaanxi.Factorial design involving greenhouse initiate time and sampling depth（0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm） for soil samples analysis were used,and that the open field soil samples were used as control.The soil nutritional contents were analyzed based on farm locations,years of farming,geological depth.（1） In controlled environmental agricultural greenhouses,total nitrogen and soluble N content were positively correlated with years of farming whereas negatively correlated with soil sampling depth,with sharp drop in 20-40 cm depth.Years of farming with high N fertilizer input increased the enrichment of total N.（2） Significant higher nitrate N and ammonium N were found in controlled environmental agricultural greenhouses than open field farms,and concentration of both were positively correlated with years of farming whereas were negatively correlated with the sampling depth.Concentration of nitrate N was found significantly higher than ammonium N in the same sampling site.（3） Concentration of total P and Olsen-P were found significantly higher than those in the open field farms.Due to shallow rooted crops were largely planted in controlled environmental agricultural greenhouses,fertilization was largely applied in 0-20 cm soil depth,so total P and Olsen-P were found significantly higher in 0-20 cm soil depth than those in 20-40 cm.Concentration of P was found positively correlated with the years of farming in the past 11 years,whereas negatively correlated with the soil depth.

关 键 词：设施农业 土壤 不同年限 养分富集 动态变化 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]