2001-2010年生物地球化学研究进展与展望  

An Overview on Biogeochemistry During the Decade of 2001 to 2010

作　　者：谢树成[1] 罗根明[2] 宋金明[3] 李超[1] 黄咸雨[2] 杨欢[1] 李一良[4] 黄俊华[2] 胡超涌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [3]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [4]香港大学地球科学系与生命科学系

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012年第5期447-469,共23页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40930210;41172030);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2011CB808800)

摘　　要：阐述了21世纪第一个十年生物地球化学领域的重要研究进展和未来可能的重点发展方向。在近代陆-海系统碳循环的库和通量上已经取得了重要进展,并发现了一些参与氮、硫循环新的微生物功能群。阐述了显生宙生物大灭绝期间碳循环异常的特点及其可能的原因,但对氮、硫循环的了解比较薄弱。地球早期的碳、硫循环与生命起源、大气和海洋水化学条件的关系已经取得重要认识。生物地球化学过程可以通过生态毒理,以及大气成分和海洋水化学条件的改变影响生命系统。微生物地球化学功能的微区、原位、痕量示踪等技术得到快速发展。未来将加强地质历史时期碳、氮、硫循环的定量分析以及空间变化的研究,各种元素循环之间的相互关系及其界面过程、极端环境的生物地球化学过程将进一步受到重视。生命科学领域重要技术的引入将提升生物地球化学过程的研究。The significant achievements and future research orientation of biogeochemistry during the decade of 2001 to 2010 are briefly reviewed.Some carbon pools and related flux have been quantified in modern marine/ocean and land ecosystems.New microbial functional groups involved in sulfur and nitrogen cycles of modern ecosystems have been identified.The features and the possible causes of the abnormal carbon cycle occurring during the biotic crisis in Phanerozoic have been deciphered but the biogeochemical cycles of sulfur and nitrogen need more investigation.The relationship of carbon and sulfur cycles of the early Earth with life origins,atmospheric and oceanic chemistry conditions has been understood.Biogeochemical impacts on ecosystems via the chemical substances,climatic and oceanic changes are reviewed concerning both the modern and the ancient times.Some biogeochemical techniques including geotraces,metagenomics,micro-scale and in-situ analyses are particularly introduced in current biogeochemical studies.The quantification and spatial variations of the elemental cycles need further investigations in the future.The biogeochemical processes in some extreme environments and the various interfaces as well as the relationship among different elemental cycles demand more attentions.Introduction of new techniques in life science will further improve investigations of biogeochemical processes.

关 键 词：元素循环 全球变化 古海洋 地质微生物 生命起源 生物大灭绝 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]