性别角色认定对领导风格的影响:以女性创业者为例  

The Impact of the Gender Role Orientation of Female Entrepreneurs on Their Leadership Style

作　　者：李成彦[1] 王重鸣[2] 蒋强[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人力资源管理系,上海200234 [2]浙江大学全球创业研究中心,杭州310028 [3]复旦大学心理学系,上海200433

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第5期1169-1174,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(70732001);上海市教委创新项目(B-7037-10-000016;上海市教委重点学科委托项目(J50406)的资助

摘　　要：领导风格的性别差异一直受到关注。以往的研究有两种观点:领导风格存在性别差异,女性的领导风格更有效;领导风格不存在性别差异。而最新研究认为领导风格差异源于社会性别角色,探讨女性创业者的性别角色认定特征及其对领导风格的影响十分必要。实证结果显示,不同性别角色认定的女性创业者在领导风格上存在差异,双性化者多采用高定规、高关怀的领导方式,女性化者多采用高关怀的方式,而男性化者则多采用高定规的方式。影响领导风格的并不是个体的性别本身,而是其对性别角色的认定。The objective of this research is to explore how gender role clarification influences female entrepreneurs＂ leadership style. Early research showed that the leadership style of females was different from that of males and that females were more effective than males. Subsequent research finds that gender has no significant relationship with leadership style. However, gender role orientation has an impact on leadership style. The past research targets on both males and females, who are mainly MBA trainees and senior business managers. The targets of this research are just female entrepreneurs. The objective is to discuss the characteristics of the gender role ori- entation of female entrepreneurs and whether these characteristics have an impact on leadership style. The research targets are female en- trepreneurs who received our questionnaires. We obtained 225 effective questionnaires. The research used Bem＇s Sex Role Inventory （ BSRI, of which both the male inventory and the female one have 20 items） and the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire （ LB- DQ） used by HemPhin and Coon . The result showed that over 30% of them demonstrated androgyny, 21% masculinity, and only 22% femininity. 64.4% female entrepreneurs employed achievement-orientation style （high initiating structure, high consideration）. The results also showed that gen- der orientation made significant difference in leadership style, and bigender employed high initiating structure, high consideration style, and femininity people employed high consideration style, and masculinity employed high initiating structure. Some characteristics of masculinity, such as competition, strength and autonomy, and some ones of femininity, such as friendship and empathy, positively sig- nificantly influenced the leadership style, and femininity had stronger influence.

关 键 词：女性创业 性别角色认定 领导风格 女性创业者 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]