沉思与宽恕关系的性别差异(英文)  

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Rumination and Forgiveness

作　　者：唐顺艳[1,2] Siu-Man R.Ting 张琢诗 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,心理学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学,社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875 [3]North Carolina State University,Department of Curriculum,Instruction,and Counselor Education [4]北京师范大学珠海分校,外国语学院,珠海519087

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第5期1196-1201,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：为考察沉思与宽恕关系的性别差异,本研究以 128 名大学生为被试,采用中国版《事件影响量表-修订版》(CIES - R;Chinese Impact of Event Scale-Revised) 的侵入性思维分量表(Intrusiveness Subscale) 对被试的一般性沉思水平进行测量,并采用 McCullough 等人于 1998 年编制的《人际冒犯动机量表》(TRIM; Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory) 间接测量被试的宽恕水平。结果表明: 1) 被试的沉思水平与其报复和逃避动机水平显著正相关。2) 被试的沉思水平与宽恕水平均不存在显著的性别差异。3) 性别在沉思与宽恕的关系中起着调节作用: 女性中,沉思水平与宽恕水平显著相关; 而男性中,两者则无显著的相关关系。Forgiveness is a mechanism that allows relationships to be maintained despite the damage caused by conflicts and transgressions. According to McCullough, et al. $ （1998） social -psychological model of forgiveness, the most proximal determinants of forgiving are social - cognitive variables related to the way the offended partner thinks and feels about the offender and the offense. And rumination is one of the most important cognitive variables which are particularly counter - productive for forgiving. A quantity of literature indicates gender differ- ences in levels of rumination but not in levels of forgiveness. However, beyond the question of whether gender differences exist in levels of these variables is another more important research questions remain unanswered： Do gender differences in rumination genera]ize to similar constructs such as forgiveness？ To answer this question, one hundred and t^enty eight undergraduates （89F） participated in this study, and they completed self- report measures of rumination and forgiveness with the Intrusiveness Subseale of the Chinese Impact of Event Scale - Revised （ CIES - R） and the two subscales （ Revenge and Avoidance motivations） of Transgression - related Interpersonal Motivations Inven- tory （ TRIM ）. The main results could be summarized as follows ： （ 1 ） there were significant positive correlations between rumination and both dimensions of forgiveness, revenge motivation and avoidance motivation. （2） No apparent gender differences in levels of rumination and for- giveness were observed on rumination and forgiveness. （3） Relationships between rumination and forgiveness were moderated by gender ： ru- mination was significantly associated with forgiveness in women only, but not in men.

关 键 词：性别差异 沉思 宽恕 报复动机 逃避动机 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]